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Currently available repellents, scaring devices and household remedies are mostly inefficient. Tests were conducted to establish whether water voles can be repelled using plant secondary metabolites. These compounds are produced by many plant species as part of their defence against herbivores and pathogens.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS: In this study, 12 volatile substances were tested in T\u2010maze trials. The voles could choose between a test box including a test substance and a control box without odour. The extracts were considered to be repellent if the test box was avoided. Five potential repellents were identified: the essential oils of black pepper oil, Chinese geranium oil and onion, as well as the pure substances methyl nonyl ketone and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010valeric acid. Application of a combination of black pepper oil, Chinese geranium oil and methyl nonyl ketone did not increase efficacy.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:  The identification of an effective water vole repellent could help to reduce damage to crops. It may also minimise the use of kill traps and of rodenticides, which will be of benefit for non\u2010target organisms. \u00a9 2012 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]],"date-time":"2012-10-19T06:16:21Z","timestamp":1350627381000},"page":"437-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The repelling effect of plant secondary metabolites on water voles, <i>Arvicola amphibius<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vertebrate Research, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Imholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vertebrate Research, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Joachim","family":"Pelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vertebrate Research, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Prokop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. 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