{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:33:07Z","timestamp":1783765987856,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Species of <jats:italic>Cephalotaxus<\/jats:italic> (the plum yews) produce nematotoxic compounds of unknown identity. Consequently, bioassay\u2010guided fractionation was employed to identify the compound(s) in <jats:italic>Cephalotaxus fortunei<\/jats:italic> twigs and leaves with activity against plant\u2010parasitic nematodes<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>A crude alkaloid extract, particularly drupacine, was responsible for much of the nematotoxicity. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> of drupacine for <jats:italic>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/jats:italic> was 27.1\u2009\u00b5g <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, and for <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic> it was 76.3\u2009\u00b5g <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Immersion of <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> eggs in 1.0\u2009mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> crude alkaloid extract (the highest tested concentration) reduced hatch by 36%; immersion of second\u2010stage juveniles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J2<\/jats:styled-content>) resulted in 72\u201398% immobility. Crude alkaloid extract and drupacine suppressed protease activity in extracts of the microbivorous nematode <jats:italic>Panagrellus redivivus<\/jats:italic> by 50% and 80%, respectively. Application of 0.02\u20130.5\u2009mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> crude alkaloid extract to soil with <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> inoculum did not significantly reduce pepper plant shoot length or weight, compared with nematode\u2010inoculated, water\u2010treated controls, but the number of eggs and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J2<\/jats:styled-content> per root system respectively decreased by 69% and 73% at 0.5\u2009mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup><\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Drupacine and a crude alkaloid extract suppress nematode hatch, activity of mixed life stages, and population numbers on plant roots. This is the first demonstration of nematotoxicity of crude <jats:italic>Cephalotaxus<\/jats:italic> alkaloids and drupacine. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T06:06:35Z","timestamp":1365746795000},"page":"1026-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nematotoxicity of drupacine and a <i>Cephalotaxus<\/i> alkaloid preparation against the plant\u2010parasitic nematodes <i>Meloidogyne incognita<\/i> and <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University (SCAU) Tianhe District, Guangzhou City 510642 Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L F","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, ARS Nematology Laboratory Bldg. 010A, BARC\u2010West Beltsville MD 20705 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward P","family":"Masler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, ARS Nematology Laboratory Bldg. 010A, BARC\u2010West Beltsville MD 20705 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou City 510650 Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University (SCAU) Tianhe District, Guangzhou City 510642 Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou City 510650 Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Chitwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, ARS Nematology Laboratory Bldg. 010A, BARC\u2010West Beltsville MD 20705 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.2008004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600610812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"GinD WilmotJandDjaballahH Cephalotaxusesters methods of synthesis and uses thereof. 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