{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:51:00Z","timestamp":1780397460776,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>The benzimidazole fungicide thiophanate\u2010methyl is commonly used for the control of brown rot of stone fruits. Low and high levels of resistance to this fungicide have been found in field isolates of the causal pathogen Monilinia fructicola<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>RESULTS<\/jats:title>The minor groove binding (MGB<\/jats:styled-content>) TaqMan<\/jats:styled-content> probes specific for alleles E198A<\/jats:styled-content> and H6Y<\/jats:styled-content> conferring the high and low levels of resistance in the \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010tubulin gene of M. fructicola<\/jats:italic> were designed. A duplex real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assay based on these probes was developed for simultaneous quantification of both mutations in a pathogen population. The specificity tests for the primers and probes were conducted using different fungal species of stone and pome fruit pathogens. Similar results were obtained between the duplex real\u2010time (TaqMan<\/jats:styled-content>) PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assay and the conventional method to quantify the frequencies of alleles E198A<\/jats:styled-content> and H6Y<\/jats:styled-content> of eight samples from different peach orchards<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>The MGB TaqMan<\/jats:styled-content> probe based duplex real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content> provides a useful tool for simultaneous quantification of both alleles, E198A<\/jats:styled-content> and H6Y<\/jats:styled-content>, conferring high and low resistance, and has a potential in monitoring the benzimidazole\u2010resistance in M. fructicola<\/jats:italic> populations in stone and pome fruit orchards. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T06:06:52Z","timestamp":1365746812000},"page":"245-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Simultaneous quantification of alleles E198A<\/scp> and H6Y<\/scp> in the \u03b2<\/i>\u2010tubulin gene conferring benzimidazole resistance in Monilinia fructicola<\/i> using a duplex real\u2010time (TaqMan<\/scp>) PCR<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology University of California\u2013Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center Parlier CA 93648 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themis J","family":"Michailides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology University of California\u2013Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center Parlier CA 93648 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Mycologia Memoir","author":"Batra LR","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases","author":"Ogawa JM","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2005.01199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Disease of peach and nectarine in China","volume":"2","author":"Zhu XQ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian and Australasian J Plant Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola isolates to thiophanate\u2010methyl and boscalid","volume":"3","author":"Fan JY","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Phytophyl Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-82-1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.12.7145-7152.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0434.2003.00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/8.19.4321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"2.4.1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Wilson K","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102098000054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0434.2003.00806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2005.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-96-1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2009.02220.x"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fps.3549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fps.3549","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.3549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:18:54Z","timestamp":1761059934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.3549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.3549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.3549","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-09-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-04-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-06-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}