{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:37:44Z","timestamp":1782790664064,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Basic Research and Development Program","award":["(2013CB127802)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2013CB127802)"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (China)","award":["(31170135)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(31170135)"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities to Dr. Yin.","award":["(2013FZA6009)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2013FZA6009)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Carbendazim has been used in the control of Fusarium head blight (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHB<\/jats:styled-content>) for more than 30 years in China. Thus, carbendazim\u2010resistant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content>) populations of <jats:italic>Gibberella zeae<\/jats:italic> have developed in some areas. In this study, 9341 <jats:italic>G. zeae<\/jats:italic> isolates were collected from the ten main wheat\u2010producing regions of China in the period from 2008 to 2012, and sensitivity to carbendazim was detected<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>A high frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> isolates was observed in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> isolates were recovered from Anhui and Henan provinces in 2009 and 2012, respectively, but were not detected in the other six regions. Available (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F167Y<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E198Q<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F200Y<\/jats:styled-content>) and newly developed (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E198L<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E198K<\/jats:styled-content>) allele\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assays were used to genotype field <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> isolates. The <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010tubulin variants harbouring point mutation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F167Y<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E198Q<\/jats:styled-content> accounted for &gt;95% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> populations. Quantitative allele\u2010specific real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assays were developed to determine the frequencies of five different <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010tubulin variants present in populations of perithecia sampled from rice stubble<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> populations of <jats:italic>G. zeae<\/jats:italic> develop rapidly under the selection pressure of carbendazim. Real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assays detecting the resistance frequencies in populations of perithecia would provide useful information for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHB<\/jats:styled-content> control and management of resistance. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]],"date-time":"2013-11-06T21:53:31Z","timestamp":1383774811000},"page":"1228-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Detection and dynamics of different carbendazim\u2010resistance conferring <i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010tubulin variants of <i>Gibberella zeae<\/i> collected from infected wheat heads and rice stubble in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agriculture Quality and Standard for Agro\u2010products Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Sobhy","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang 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