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They can be a major rodent pest in European agriculture and they are also a representative generic focal small herbivorous mammal species used in risk assessment for plant protection products. In this paper, common vole population dynamics, habitat and food preferences, pest potential and use of the common vole as a model small wild mammal species in the risk assessment process are reviewed. Common voles are a component of agroecosystems in many parts of Europe, inhabiting agricultural areas (secondary habitats) when the carrying capacity of primary grassland habitats is exceeded. Colonisation of secondary habitats occurs during multiannual outbreaks, when population sizes can exceed 1000 individuals ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In such cases, in\u2010crop common vole population control management has been practised to avoid significant crop damage. The species' status as a crop pest, high fecundity, resilience to disturbance and intermittent colonisation of crop habitats are important characteristics that should be reflected in risk assessment. Based on the information provided in the scientific literature, it seems justified to modify elements of the current risk assessment scheme for plant protection products, including the use of realistic food intake rates, reduced assessment factors or the use of alternativee focal rodent species in particular European regions. Some of these adjustments are already being applied in some <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> member states. Therefore, it seems reasonable consistently to apply such pragmatic and realistic approaches in risk assessments for plant protection products across the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content>. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,29]],"date-time":"2013-11-29T12:32:52Z","timestamp":1385728372000},"page":"869-878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Common vole (<i>Microtus arvalis<\/i>) ecology and management: implications for risk assessment of plant protection products"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests Vertebrate Research M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheminova A\/S DK 2070, Lernvig Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Barfknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer CropScience Monheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Fredricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monsanto Company St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01014"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Special Issue on improving human nutrition through agriculture","volume":"21","author":"Buis HE","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"How much land can ten billion people spare for nature? 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