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An understanding of the pertinent mechanisms will benefit effective insecticide resistance management of <jats:italic>C. suppressalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the five amino acid substitutions of acetylcholinesterase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content>) identified in <jats:italic>C. suppressalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A314S<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H668P<\/jats:styled-content> had been reported and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E101D<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F402V<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R667Q<\/jats:styled-content> were novel. Substitution frequencies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content> populations were much higher than in the susceptible Hsinchu (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>) population. Significantly negative correlations were observed between the frequencies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E101D<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A314S<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R667Q<\/jats:styled-content> and the kinetic parameters of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChEs<\/jats:styled-content> in these populations. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content> from the resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content> population was less susceptible to the inhibition of carbofuran, with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> that was 3.6\u2010fold higher than that of the susceptible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> population. Although <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content> from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content> populations were reduced to 72\u201387% of those from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> population, the overall catalytic efficiency (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>) remained constant for all three populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amino acid substitutions identified in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:italic>C. suppressalis<\/jats:italic> are associated with changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content> kinetics and its insensitivity to carbofuran. These observations are helpful for rapid monitoring, prediction and management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content> resistance in the field. \u00a9 2014 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T06:29:09Z","timestamp":1393396149000},"page":"1930-1935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Amino acid substitutions of acetylcholinesterase associated with carbofuran resistance in <i>Chilo suppressalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Centre National Chung\u2010Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology National Chung\u2010Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Melboume Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology National Chung\u2010Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Mei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology National Chung\u2010Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Biology and Management of Rice Insects","author":"Dale D","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Plant Protection Manual. 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