{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:48:12Z","timestamp":1791215292553,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rodenticide resistance to anticoagulants in <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic> will lead to increased difficulties in combating these pest animals. Here, the authors present the results of a survey in the Netherlands where tissue samples and droppings were tested using a newly developed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TaqMan PCR<\/jats:styled-content> test for genotypic variation at codon 139 in the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene associated with anticoagulant rodenticide resistance. Test results are linked to results of a questionnaire that was conducted among pest controllers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic mutations at codon 139 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene in <jats:italic>R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic> can be encountered in many parts of the Netherlands. In 34\/61 rat tails, a genotype was found that is linked to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance (56%). In droppings, 42\/169 samples (25%) showed a resistance\u2010mediating genotype. In addition, indications of a clear genetic substructure in the Netherlands were found. In some regions, only resistance\u2010mediating genotypes were found, corroborating results from the questionnaire in which pest controllers indicated they suspected resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of multiple genetic mutations at codon 139 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene in <jats:italic>R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic> in the Netherlands. As rodenticides should keep their efficacy because they are a last resort in rodent management, more studies are urgently needed that link specific genetic mutations to the efficacy of active substances. \u00a9 2014 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T07:50:36Z","timestamp":1398153036000},"page":"1761-1766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Distribution of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i> in the Netherlands according to <i>Vkorc1<\/i> mutations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Bastiaan G","family":"Meerburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen UR Livestock Research  Lelystad The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marga PE","family":"van Gent\u2010Pelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen UR Livestock Research  Lelystad The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Schoelitsz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen UR Livestock Research  Lelystad The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo AJ","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen UR Livestock Research  Lelystad The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02254"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-10-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/188517a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400019975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(00)00018-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Detection and monitoring of resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in populations of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Denmark","author":"Lund M","year":"1988","journal-title":"Current Advances in Vitamin K 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