{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:40:52Z","timestamp":1790343652422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000396","name":"Technology Strategy Board","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TS\/I000690\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TS\/I000690\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"BBSRC China Partnership Scheme","award":["BB\/G530409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/G530409"]}]},{"name":"China Scholarship Scheme"},{"name":"Durham University Doctoral Studentship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recombinant fusion proteins Pl1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> and Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> contain the spider venom peptides <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\u2010amaurobitoxin\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI1a<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexatoxin\u2010Hv1a respectively, linked to snowdrop lectin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content>). Pl1a targets receptor site 4 of insect voltage\u2010gated sodium channels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaCh<\/jats:styled-content>), while Hv1a targets voltage\u2010gated calcium channels. Insecticide\u2010resistant strains of peach\u2010potato aphid (<jats:italic>Myzus persicae<\/jats:italic>) contain mutations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NaCh<\/jats:styled-content>. The pyrethroid\u2010resistant <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">794J<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:italic>super\u2010kdr<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UKO<\/jats:styled-content>) strains contain mutations at residues <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L1014<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M918<\/jats:styled-content> in the channel <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010subunit respectively, while the <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> + <jats:italic>super\u2010kdr<\/jats:italic> strain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">4824J<\/jats:styled-content>), insensitive to pyrethroids, contains mutations at both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L1014<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M918<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pl1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> and Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> fusion proteins have estimated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> values of 0.35 and 0.19 mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> when fed to wild\u2010type <jats:italic>M. persicae<\/jats:italic>. For insecticide\u2010resistant aphids, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> for the Pl1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> fusion protein increased by 2\u20136\u2010fold, correlating with pyrethroid resistance (wild type &lt; <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> &lt; <jats:italic>super\u2010kdr<\/jats:italic> &lt; <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> + <jats:italic>super\u2010kdr<\/jats:italic> strains). In contrast, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> for the Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> fusion protein showed limited correlation with pyrethroid resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mutations in the sodium channel in pyrethroid\u2010resistant aphids also protect against a fusion protein containing a sodium\u2010channel\u2010specific toxin, in spite of differences in ligand\u2013channel interactions, but do not confer resistance to a fusion protein targeting calcium channels. The use of fusion proteins with differing targets could play a role in managing pesticide resistance. \u00a9 2014 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1406783052000},"page":"951-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of insecticidal fusion proteins containing spider toxins targeting sodium and calcium ion channels on pyrethroid\u2010resistant strains of peach\u2010potato aphid (<i>Myzus persicae<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Fitches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and 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