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The deviance explained by each factor ranged from 43% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> concentration nested within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>) to 5.6% (surfactant). The only significant interaction was between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> and surfactant, explaining 15.8% of the deviance. Overall, 90% of the deviance could be explained by the variables and their first\u2010order interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uptake increased with increasing lipophilicity of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> at concentrations below those causing precipitation on the leaf surface. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> concentration had a far greater (negative) effect on the uptake of the lipophilic molecule epoxiconazole. The uptake of 2\u2010deoxy\u2010D\u2010glucose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOG<\/jats:styled-content>) and 2,4\u2010dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4\u2010D) increased with increasing hydrophile\u2013lipophile balance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLB<\/jats:styled-content>) of the surfactant, the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLB<\/jats:styled-content> being far greater on the hydrophilic molecule <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOG<\/jats:styled-content>. However, the differences observed in epoxiconazole uptake owing to the surfactant were strongly positively related to the spread area of the formulation on the leaf surface. 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