{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:02:09Z","timestamp":1783195329703,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission of the Government of Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growing demand for reduced chemical inputs in agricultural systems requires more effective integration of biological control with pesticides. The egg parasitoid <jats:italic>Trichogramma pretiosum<\/jats:italic> Riley is an important natural enemy of lepidopteran pests, used in biological control. In an investigation of the interaction of <jats:italic>T. pretiosum<\/jats:italic> and pesticides, we studied the acute toxicity of 19 pesticides (insecticides, miticides, fungicides and herbicides) to adult parasitoids and the behavioral effects of 11 pesticides on foraging parasitoid females, including host antennation, stinging and host feeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>At recommended field doses, fipronil, dinotefuran, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad and abamectin induced nearly 100% adult mortality within 24\u2009h of exposure to treated cotton leaves by comparison with controls. Acetamiprid was also toxic, but significantly less so than the former materials. The other pesticides had no significant toxic effects. Only glufosinate ammonium exhibited increased toxicity among the non\u2010toxic materials when increased two\u2010 or fourfold over recommended rates. The foraging behavior of parasitoids was affected only by tolfenpyrad among the materials tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most novel pesticides, except for several insecticides, exhibited little to no acute toxicity to the parasitoid. Parasitoid foraging behavior was only affected by tolfenpyrad, indicating that parasitoids could successfully forage on eggs treated with most pesticides evaluated. Therefore, many of these pesticides may have good compatibility with <jats:italic>Trichogramma<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T00:17:21Z","timestamp":1420676241000},"page":"1640-1648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Lethal and behavioral effects of selected novel pesticides on adults of <i>Trichogramma pretiosum<\/i> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Ashraf","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hizbullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Ruberson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Kansas State University  Manhattan KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Research and Applications of Trichogramma in China","author":"Bao JZ","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids","author":"Li LY","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids","author":"Pinto JD","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/79.6.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.41.010196.002111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides","author":"Croft BA","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.04.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3733\/hilg.v29n02p081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2010.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2009.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012078147-8\/50057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/100.4.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bcon.1993.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Selectivity of flubendiamide, a new insecticide used to control tomato pests in Brazil to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)","volume":"17","author":"Carvalho GA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Egg Parasitoid News"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Toxicity of some new insecticides against Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory and extended laboratory conditions","volume":"43","author":"Shahid S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan J Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600-009-0031-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-94.5.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2009.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-011-9342-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-008-9162-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-006-0001-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2010.01391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(97)00028-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"531","article-title":"Effect of some insecticides on Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii). 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