{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:48:19Z","timestamp":1791215299136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>In spite of intensive use of bromadiolone, rodent control was inefficient on a farm infested by rats in Zaragoza, Spain. While metabolic resistance was previously described in this rodent species, the observation of a target resistance to antivitamin K rodenticides had been poorly documented in <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>From rats trapped on the farm, <jats:italic>cytochrome b<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> genes were amplified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and sequenced in order to identify species and detect potential <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> mutations. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKORC1<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010deduced amino acid sequences were thus expressed in <jats:italic>Pichia pastoris<\/jats:italic>, and inhibition constants towards various rodenticides were determined. The ten rats trapped on the farm were all identified as <jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>. They were found to be homozygous for the g.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">74A<\/jats:styled-content>&gt;T nucleotide replacement in exon 1 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene, leading to p.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y25F<\/jats:styled-content> mutation. This mutation led to increased apparent inhibition constants towards various rodenticides, probably caused by a partial loss of helical structure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TM4<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The p.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y25F<\/jats:styled-content> mutation detected in the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene in <jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic> trapped on the Spanish farm is associated with the resistance phenotype to bromadiolone that has been observed. It is the first evidence of target resistance to antivitamin K anticoagulants in <jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T03:49:51Z","timestamp":1428378591000},"page":"544-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Evidence of a target resistance to antivitamin K rodenticides in the roof rat <i>Rattus rattus<\/i>: identification and characterisation of a novel Y25F mutation in the <i>Vkorc1<\/i> gene"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Joffrey","family":"Goulois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 INRA\u2010Vetagro Sup Veterinary School of Lyon  Marcy l'Etoile France"},{"name":"Liphatech  Bonnel 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