{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:18:09Z","timestamp":1774959489015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]],"date-time":"2015-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000396","name":"Technology Strategy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project TS\/I000690\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project TS\/I000690\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Process 0437-10-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Process 0437-10-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The neurotoxin peptide <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTX<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Hv1a, fused to the carrier molecule <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content>, presents potential for insect control as a biopesticide, being orally toxic to insect pests from different orders. However, thorough evaluation is required to assure its safety towards non\u2010target invertebrates. Effects of this novel biopesticide on the parasitoid <jats:italic>Eulophus pennicornis<\/jats:italic> via its host <jats:italic>Lacanobia oleracea<\/jats:italic> are presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> did not cause mortality when injected or fed to fifth\u2010stage <jats:italic>L. oleracea<\/jats:italic>, but caused up to 39% reduction in mean larval weight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and increased developmental time when injected. When fed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content>, but not Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content>, caused \u223c35% reduction in larval weight, indicating that host quality was not affected by the fusion protein. Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> and Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> were internalised by the hosts following ingestion, and thus were available to higher trophic levels, no significant changes in the rate of <jats:italic>E. pennicornis<\/jats:italic> parasitism occurred. Number of parasitoid pupae per host, adult emergence and sex ratio were unaffected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 or Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated hosts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). The fusion protein was degraded by parasitoid larvae, rendering it non\u2010toxic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hv1a\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNA<\/jats:styled-content> has negligible effects on the parasitoid, even under worst\u2010case scenarios. This low toxicity to these insects is of interest in terms of biopesticide specificity and safety to non\u2010target organisms. \u00a9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T06:10:52Z","timestamp":1430115052000},"page":"585-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sublethal effects of the insecticidal fusion protein <i>\u03c9<\/i>\u2010<scp>ACTX<\/scp>\u2010Hv1a\/<scp>GNA<\/scp> on the parasitoid <i>Eulophus pennicornis<\/i> via its host <i>Lacanobia oleracea<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Erich YT","family":"Nakasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, School of Biology Newcastle University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Capes Foundation Ministry of Education of Brazil  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filitsa","family":"Karamaouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios K","family":"Partsinevelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesham M","family":"Abd El Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, School of Biology Newcastle University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Entomology Department, Faculty of Science Benha University  Benha Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine C","family":"Fitches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Food and Environment Research Agency  Sand Hutton York UK"},{"name":"School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Pyati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Gatehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angharad MR","family":"Gatehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, School of Biology Newcastle University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin G","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, School of Biology Newcastle University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2003.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(98)00054-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00181-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008923103515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(00)00148-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2002)095[0075:EOSLGN]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-96.3.570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-9555.2004.00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-002-1144-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(01)00111-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(99)00077-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.2010.00753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-014-1466-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000748530003916X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300032995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.2010.01596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-002-0146-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076548"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"MarrisGCandEdwardsJP 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