{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:38:39Z","timestamp":1761709119946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although ants are common insects in agricultural ecosystems, few studies have considered how xenobiotics might induce physiological and morphological alterations in these insects. This study aimed to verify the neurotoxic action of sublethal doses of fipronil on the mushroom bodies of brains from the leaf\u2010cutting ant <jats:italic>Atta sexdens rubropilosa<\/jats:italic> through immunocytochemistry analysis for the protein synapsin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> value was established as 1.42\u2009ng ant<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, and the sublethal doses used were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>\/10<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>\/100<\/jats:sub>. Synapsin labelling was more evident in the brains extracted from ants exposed to the insecticide, specifically in the regions of glia in the mushroom bodies, compared with the control group. It was possible to measure the intensity of emitted fluorescence in the areas of the mushroom bodies, and a statistical test showed differences between the control group and the treatment group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, it is concluded that sublethal doses of the insecticide fipronil intensified synapsin immunostaining, suggesting an increased release of neurotransmitters, which may be linked to neurotoxicity and overexcitation. These sublethal doses may have two different effects: compromising the operation and maintenance of the colony and leading to the establishment of resistance in insects. \u00a9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]],"date-time":"2015-06-22T05:25:22Z","timestamp":1434950722000},"page":"907-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sublethal doses of fipronil intensify synapsin immunostaining in <i>Atta sexdens rubropilosa<\/i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) brains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Priscila","family":"Cintra\u2010Socolowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Insetos de Estudos Sociais, Depto. de Biologia Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista  Rio Claro SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaisa C","family":"Roat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Insetos de Estudos Sociais, Depto. de Biologia Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista  Rio Claro SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta CF","family":"Nocelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Depto. 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