{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1768736744378,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection"},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fungicidal effects of six commonly used fungicides, namely fluazinam, propineb, copper(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) hydroxide, metiram, chlorothalonil and mancozeb, and herbicides, namely isoxaflutole, fluazifop\u2010P\u2010butyl, flurochloridone, foramsulfuron, pendimethalin and prosulfocarb, on mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial germination of entomopathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATCC<\/jats:styled-content> 74040) were investigated. Mycelial growth rates and sporulation at 15 and 25\u2009\u00b0C were evaluated on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDA<\/jats:styled-content> plates containing 100, 75, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 0% of the recommended application rate of each pesticide. The tested pesticides were classified in four scoring categories based on reduction in mycelial growth and sporulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All pesticides, herbicides and fungicides tested had fungistatic effects of varying intensity, depending on their rate in the medium, on <jats:italic>B. bassiana.<\/jats:italic> The most inhibitory herbicides were flurochloridone and prosulfocarb, and fluazinam and copper(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) hydroxide were most inhibitory among the fungicides, while the least inhibitory were isoxaflutole and chlorothalonil. Sporulation and conidial germination of <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic> were significantly inhibited by all tested pesticides compared with the control treatment. Flurochloridone, foramsulfuron, prosulfocarb and copper(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) hydroxide inhibited sporulation entirely at 100% rate (99\u2013100% inhibition), and the lowest inhibition was shown by fluazifop\u2010P\u2010butyl (22%) and metiram (33%). At 100% dosage, all herbicides in the test showed a high inhibitory effect on conidial germination. Conidial germination inhibition ranged from 82% with isoxaflutole to 100% with fluorochloridone, pendimethalin and prosulfocarb. At 200% dosage, inhibition rates even increased (96\u2013100%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 12 pesticides tested had a fungistatic effect on <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic> of varying intensity, depending on the pesticide and its concentration. <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic> is highly affected by some herbicides and fungicides even at very low rates.  Flurochloridone, foramsulfuron, prosulfocarb and copper(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) hydroxide stopped sporulation. Of all tested pesticides, isoxaflutole, fluazifop\u2010P\u2010butyl and chlorothalonil showed the least adverse effects and therefore probably could be compatible with <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic> in the field. \u00a9 2016 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T23:24:45Z","timestamp":1453937085000},"page":"2110-2117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effects of selected herbicides and fungicides on growth, sporulation and conidial germination of entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Franci A","family":"Celar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana 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