{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:52:36Z","timestamp":1790283156778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u2018NEORAMUS\u2019 from Bpi France","award":["ISI No. I1301001W"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISI No. I1301001W"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antivitamin K anticoagulant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVK<\/jats:styled-content>) rodenticides are commonly used to control rodent pests worldwide. They specifically inhibit the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKORC1<\/jats:styled-content> enzyme essential for the recycling of vitamin K, and thus prevent blood clotting and cause death by haemorrhage. Numerous mutations or polymorphisms of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene were reported in rodents, and some led to resistance to rodenticides. In house mice (<jats:italic>Mus musculus domesticus<\/jats:italic>), adaptive introgression of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene from the Algerian mouse (<jats:italic>Mus spretus<\/jats:italic>) was reported. This adaptive introgression causes the substitution of four amino acids in <jats:italic>M. musculus domesticus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The consequences of introgression were assessed by (i) the characterisation of the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> resistant phenotype of adaptive <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>spr<\/jats:sup>\u2010introgressed mice, (ii) the characterisation of the <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> resistance phenotype of the liver <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKOR<\/jats:styled-content> activity and (iii) the comparison of these results with the properties of recombinant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKORC1<jats:sup>spr<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> protein expressed in yeast. The resistance factor (from 1 to 120) induced by the four introgressed polymorphisms obtained using these three approaches was dependent on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVKs<\/jats:styled-content> used but were highly correlated among the three approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The four introgressed polymorphisms were clearly the cause of the strong resistant phenotype observed in the field. In the context of strong selection pressure due to the extensive use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVKs<\/jats:styled-content>, this resistant phenotype may explain the widespread distribution of this genotype from Spain to Germany. \u00a9 2016 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T21:07:49Z","timestamp":1463692069000},"page":"325-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Study of the efficiency of anticoagulant rodenticides to control <i>Mus musculus domesticus<\/i> introgressed with <i>Mus spretus Vkorc1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Joffrey","family":"Goulois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 INRA\u2010VetAgro Sup Veterinary School of Lyon  Marcy l'Etoile France"},{"name":"Liphatech  Bonnel Pont du Casse 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