{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:36:02Z","timestamp":1778531762055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["231972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["231972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Mediterranean area, <jats:italic>Lolium<\/jats:italic> species have evolved resistance to glyphosate after decades of continual use without other alternative chemicals in perennial crops (olive, citrus and vineyards). In recent years, oxyfluorfen alone or mixed with glyphosate and glufosinate has been introduced as a chemical option to control dicot and grass weeds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dose\u2010response studies confirmed that three glyphosate\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Lolium<\/jats:italic> weed species (<jats:italic>L. rigidum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L. perenne<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L. multiflorum<\/jats:italic>) collected from perennial crops in the Iberian Peninsula have also evolved resistance to glufosinate and oxyfluorfen herbicides, despite their recent introduction. Based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> resistance parameter, the resistance factor was similar among <jats:italic>Lolium<\/jats:italic> species and ranged from 14\u2010 to 21\u2010fold and from ten\u2010 to 12\u2010fold for oxyfluorfen and glufosinate respectively. Similarly, about 14\u2010fold resistance to both oxyfluorfen and glufosinate was estimated on average for the three <jats:italic>Lolium<\/jats:italic> species when growth reduction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) was assessed. This study identified oxyfluorfen resistance in a grass species for the first time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>A major threat to sustainability of perennial crops in the Iberian Peninsula is evident, as multiple resistance to non\u2010selective glyphosate, glufosinate and oxyfluorfen herbicides has evolved in <jats:italic>L. rigidum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L. perenne<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. multiflorum<\/jats:italic> weeds. \u00a9 2016 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T10:22:36Z","timestamp":1469182956000},"page":"936-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Forward selection for multiple resistance across the non\u2010selective glyphosate, glufosinate and oxyfluorfen herbicides in <i>Lolium<\/i> weed species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola y Edafolog\u00eda Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Alc\u00e1ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola y Edafolog\u00eda Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda D","family":"Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX)  Guadajira\u2010Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin M","family":"Vila\u2010Aiub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFEVA\u2010CONICET\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael De","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola y Edafolog\u00eda Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043174500091165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds","author":"Heap I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-015-0322-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010MorenoPT Alc\u00e1ntara\u2010de la CruzR de PortugalJ CalhaI CostaJ BrantsIet al. 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