{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:57:31Z","timestamp":1790690251110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gerald Kerkut Charitable Trust and the University of Southampton"},{"name":"NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programmes","award":["P40 OD010440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P40 OD010440"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Neonicotinoid insecticides are under review owing to emerging toxicity to non\u2010target species. Interest has focused on biological pollinators while their effects on other organisms that are key contributors to the ecosystem remain largely unknown. To advance this, we have tested the effects of representatives of three major classes of neonicotinoids, thiacloprid, clothianidin and nitenpyram, on the free\u2010living nematode\n Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n (\n C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n ), as a representative of the Nematoda, an ecologically important phylum contributing to biomass.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Concentrations that are several\u2010fold higher than those with effects against target species had limited impact on locomotor function. However, increased potency was observed in a mutant with a hyperpermeable cuticle, which shows that drug access limits the effects of the neonicotinoids in\n C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n . Thiacloprid was most potent (\n \n EC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n 714 \u03bc\n m<\/jats:sc>\n ). In addition, it selectively delayed larval development in wild\u2010type worms at 1 m\n m<\/jats:sc>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n is less susceptible to neonicotinoids than target species of pest insect. We discuss an approach in which this defined low sensitivity may be exploited by heterologous expression of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from both pest and beneficial insects in transgenic\n C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n with increased cuticle permeability to provide a whole organism assay for species\u2010dependent neonicotinoid effects. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T02:06:41Z","timestamp":1488766001000},"page":"1345-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Concentration\u2010dependent effects of acute and chronic neonicotinoid exposure on the behaviour and development of the nematode\n Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Monika M","family":"Kudelska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindy","family":"Holden\u2010Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan A","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton 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