{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:41:31Z","timestamp":1792446091438,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glyphosate is the only herbicide to target the enzyme 5\u2010enolpyruvyl\u20103\u2010shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). It is a high use rate, non\u2010selective herbicide that translocates primarily to metabolic sinks, killing meristematic tissues away from the application site. Its phloem\u2010mobile properties and slow action in killing weeds allow the herbicide to move throughout the plant to kill all meristems, making it effective for perennial weed control. Since commercialization in 1974, its use has grown to dominate the herbicide market. Much of its use is on transgenic, glyphosate\u2010resistant crops (GRCs), which have been the dominant transgenic crops worldwide. GRCs with glyphosate provided the most effective and inexpensive weed management technology in history for a decade or more. However, as a consequence of the rapid increase in glyphosate\u2010resistant (GR) weeds, the effectiveness of glyphosate use in GRCs is declining. Critics have claimed that glyphosate\u2010treated GRCs have altered mineral nutrition and increased susceptibility to plant pathogens because of glyphosate's ability to chelate divalent metal cations, but the complete resistance of GRCs to glyphosate indicates that chelating metal cations do not contribute to the herbicidal activity or significantly affect mineral nutrition. The rates of increases in yields of maize, soybean, and cotton in the USA have been unchanged after high adoption rates of GRCs. Glyphosate is toxic to some plant pathogens, and thereby can act as a fungicide in GRCs. Ultra\u2010low doses of glyphosate stimulate plant growth in glyphosate\u2010susceptible plants by unknown mechanisms. Despite rapid and widespread increases in GR weeds, glyphosate use has not decreased. However, as GR weeds increase, adoption of alternative technologies will eventually lead to decreased use. Published 2017. 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