{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:27:26Z","timestamp":1790551646565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000980","name":"Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Scholarship for International Research Fees China (IRFSC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pre\u2010emergence dinitroaniline herbicides (such as trifluralin and pendimethalin) are vital to Australian no\u2010till farming systems. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Lolium rigidum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> population collected from the Western Australian grain belt with a 12\u2010year trifluralin use history was characterised for resistance to dinitroaniline, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)\u2010 and acetolactate synthase (ALS)\u2010inhibiting herbicides. Target\u2010site resistance mechanisms were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. rigidum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> population exhibited 32\u2010fold resistance to trifluralin, as compared with the susceptible population. It also displayed 12\u2010 to 30\u2010fold cross\u2010resistance to other dinitroaniline herbicides (pendimethalin, ethalfluralin and oryzalin). In addition, this population showed multiple resistance to commonly used post\u2010emergence ACCase\u2010 and ALS\u2010inhibiting herbicides. Two target\u2010site \u03b1\u2010tubulin gene mutations (Val\u2010202\u2010Phe and Thr\u2010239\u2010Ile) previously documented in other dinitroaniline\u2010resistant weed species were identified, and some known target\u2010site mutations in ACCase (Ile\u20101781\u2010Leu, Asp\u20102078\u2010Gly and Cys\u20102088\u2010Arg) and ALS (Pro\u2010197\u2010Gln\/Ser) were found in the same population. An agar\u2010based Petri dish screening method was established for the rapid diagnosis of resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evolution of target\u2010site resistance to both pre\u2010 and post\u2010emergence herbicides was confirmed in a single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. rigidum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> population. The \u03b1\u2010tubulin mutations Val\u2010202\u2010Phe and Thr\u2010239\u2010Ile, documented here for the first time in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. rigidum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, are likely to be responsible for dinitroaniline resistance in this population. Early detection of dinitroaniline herbicide resistance and integrated weed management strategies are needed to maintain the effectiveness of dinitroaniline herbicides. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T22:56:42Z","timestamp":1510873002000},"page":"925-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Dinitroaniline herbicide resistance in a multiple\u2010resistant <scp><i>Lolium rigidum<\/i><\/scp> population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4594-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture &amp; Environment University of Western Australia  Crawley Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-9444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture &amp; Environment University of Western Australia  Crawley Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mechelle","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture &amp; Environment University of Western Australia  Crawley Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture &amp; Environment University of Western Australia  Crawley Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Powles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture &amp; Environment University of Western Australia  Crawley Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9830421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Why annual ryegrass is a problem in Australian agriculture","author":"Gill G","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wre.12068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1614\/WT-D-11-00150.1","article-title":"Incidence of herbicide resistance in rigid ryegrass (\n                     Lolium rigidum\n                  ) across southeastern Australia","volume":"26","author":"Boutsalis P","journal-title":"Weed Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","article-title":"Herbicide resistance levels in annual ryegrass (\n                     Lolium rigidum\n                   Gaud.) in Southern New South Wales","volume":"26","author":"Broster JC","journal-title":"Plant Prot Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"Herbicide resistance levels in annual ryegrass (\n                     Lolium rigidum\n                   Gaud.) and wild oat (Avena spp.) in southwestern New South Wales","volume":"28","author":"Broster JC","journal-title":"Plant Prot Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","article-title":"Herbicide resistance frequencies in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) and other grass species in Tasmania","volume":"27","author":"Broster JC","journal-title":"Plant Prot Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"The physiology and mode of action of the dinitroaniline herbicides","author":"Parka SJ","journal-title":"Weed Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Behavior of dinitroaniline herbicides in plants","author":"Appleby AP","journal-title":"Weed Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/312237a0","article-title":"Dynamic instability of microtubule growth","volume":"312","author":"Mitchison T","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050012","article-title":"A structural view of microtubule dynamics","volume":"56","author":"Nogales E","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043174500073215","article-title":"Mitotic disrupter herbicides","volume":"39","author":"Vaughn KC","journal-title":"Weed Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.24.1.351","article-title":"Binding of the herbicide trifluralin to Chlamydomonas flagellar tubulin","volume":"24","author":"Hess FD","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00394595","article-title":"Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, binds to plant tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization in vitro","volume":"172","author":"Morejohn LC","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"AshworthM DesbiollesJandTolaE Disc Seeding in Zero\u2010Till Farming Systems: A review of technology and paddock issues. 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