{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:10:24Z","timestamp":1787317824820,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBB \u2010 APQ\u201000247\u201014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBB \u2010 APQ\u201000247\u201014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n The global decline in\n Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n colonies is attributed to multiple factors, including pesticides. The bioinsecticide spinosad was initially recognized as safe for non\u2010target organisms; however, its toxicity has been changing this view. Here, we investigated the survival, behavioral changes, and structural changes in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of\n A. mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n treated orally with a spinosad formulation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n The field\u2010recommended concentration of spinosad killed 100% of the bees. The 5% and 50% lethal concentrations (LC\n 5<\/jats:sub>\n and LC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n , respectively) of spinosad altered the behavioral activity, reducing the walking distance and velocity, and increased the resting time in comparison to the control. The LC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n caused disorganization of the epithelia of tested organs and induced oxidative stress and cell death.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n \n The present work provides new insights into the debate about the role of bioinsecticides in the mortality of Africanized honey bees. Even at very low concentrations, the spinosad formulation was toxic to the vital organs midgut and Malpighian tubules and adversely affected walking behavior. This detailed evaluation of the impact of the bioinsecticide on\n A. mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n will contribute to the clarification of disturbances probably caused by spinosad formulations, which can be used to develop more sustainable protocols in agriculture. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1512092197000},"page":"1311-1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Spinosad\u2010mediated effects on the walking ability, midgut, and Malpighian tubules of Africanized honey bee workers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Marcos Pereira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-8185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenner Morais","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hudson Vaner Ventura","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner Gonzaga","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciane Rosa","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Ferreira","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa Vi\u00e7osa MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-014-0316-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.51.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.51.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac7287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/120126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/029.102.0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-016-1110-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314923110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-101.6.1743"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-009-9126-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2010.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Revised draft of EPPO Guidelines PP1\/170: Guidelines for the efficacy evaluation of plant protection products: side effects on honeybees","author":"OEPP\/EPPO","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-014-0281-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento. [Online]. Available:http:\/\/extranet.agricultura.gov.br\/agrofit_cons\/principal_agrofit_cons."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT User\u2018s Guide Cary","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Spinosyns: an overview of new natural insect management systems, Beltwide Cotton Conferences","author":"Thompson GD","year":"1995","journal-title":"EUA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tov385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1568-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.21842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iew089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jppr-2013-0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0256687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601239709373101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.42.1.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(01)00068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.10.3581-3586.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(99)00108-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021550","article-title":"Exposure to sublethal doses of fipronil and thiacloprid highly increases mortality of honeybees previously infected by Nosema ceranae","volume":"6","author":"Vidau C","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fps.4815","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.4815","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:48:13Z","timestamp":1761065293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.4815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.4815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.4815","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}