{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:58:09Z","timestamp":1790369889408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Arboviruses are controlled through insecticide control of their mosquito vector. However, inconsiderate use of insecticides often results in the selection of resistance in treated populations, so that monitoring is required to optimize their usage. Here,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (West Nile and Rift Valley Fever virus vector) specimens were collected from four Moroccan cities. Levels of susceptibility to the organophosphate (OP) insecticide malathion were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO)\u2010recommended bioassays. Individual mosquitoes were tested for the presence of the G119S mutation in the\n                      <jats:italic>ace\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, the main OP\u2010target resistance mutation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bioassays showed that mosquitoes from Mohammedia were significantly more resistant to malathion than those from Marrakech. Analyzing the\n                      <jats:italic>ace\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes in dead and surviving individuals suggested that other resistance mechanisms may be present in Mohammedia. The\n                      <jats:italic>ace\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                      resistance allele frequencies were relatively moderate (&lt; 0.4). Their analyses in three Moroccan cities (Tangier, Casablanca and Marrakech) however showed disparities between two coexisting\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      forms and revealed that the G119S mutation tends to be more frequent in urban than in rural collection sites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide a reference assessment of OP resistance in Morocco and should help the health authorities to develop informed and sustainable vector control programs. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>\n                  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Hassan II de Casablanca  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatim\u2010Zohra","family":"Tmimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur du Maroc Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Charafeddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia Laboratoire de Virologie Microbiologie &amp; Qualit\u00e9 et Biotechnologies \/ Eco\u2010toxicologie &amp; Biodiversit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Hassan II de Casablanca  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumama Benabdelkrim","family":"Filali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur du Maroc Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles  Casablanca 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