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Recent reports, however, have raised concerns that the efficacy of this material is declining in fields near Watsonville, CA, a major hub of commercial berry production in the USA and the first location where\n                      <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was reported in North America.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we performed dose\u2013response analyses on\n                      <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic>\n                      from commercial raspberry plantings near Watsonville as well as a second untreated site in California using a widely implemented bioassay protocol. We found that Watsonville flies exhibited spinosad LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values 4.3\u20137.7 times higher than those from the untreated location and 11.6\u201322.4 times higher than previously reported susceptible baselines. Additionally, tolerance to spinosad continued to increase after additional selection for five generations, though this result was only statistically significant after prolonged exposure to residues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings confirm that spinosad resistance is emerging in the Watsonville area and document the first known occurrence in the USA, presenting an urgent need for the development of alternative management strategies to control this pest. Additional work is needed to resolve the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that confers spinosad resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and assess the potential for this trait to spread into new populations. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T04:04:56Z","timestamp":1539662696000},"page":"1270-1276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Identification and risk assessment of spinosad resistance in a California population of\n                    <i>Drosophila suzukii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian 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