{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T03:23:37Z","timestamp":1792985017681,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multiple herbicide resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Echinochloa phyllopogon<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibits resistance to the auxin herbicide quinclorac. Previous research observed enhanced activity of the cyanide\u2010detoxifying enzyme \u03b2\u2010cyanoalanine synthase (\u03b2\u2010CAS) and reduced ethylene production in the resistant line, suggesting \u03b2\u2010CAS\u2010mediated cyanide detoxification and insensitivity to quinclorac stimulation as the resistance mechanisms. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of quinclorac resistance, we characterized the \u03b2\u2010CAS genes alongside plant transformation studies. The association of \u03b2\u2010CAS activity and ethylene production to quinclorac resistance was assayed in the F6 progeny of susceptible and resistant lines of\n                      <jats:italic>E. phyllopogon<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single nucleotide polymorphism in a\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010CAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                      intron deleted aberrantly spliced mRNAs and enhanced \u03b2\u2010CAS activity in the resistant line. The enhanced activity, however, was not associated with quinclorac resistance in F6 lines. The results were supported by lack of quinclorac resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                      expressing\n                      <jats:italic>E. phyllopogon \u03b2\u2010CAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and no difference in quinclorac sensitivity between\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010CAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockout and wild\u2010type rice. Reduced ethylene production co\u2010segregated with quinclorac resistance in F6 lines which were previously characterized to be resistant to other herbicides by an enhanced metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u03b2\u2010CAS does not participate in quinclorac sensitivity in\n                      <jats:italic>E. phyllopogon<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Our results suggest that a mechanism(s) leading to reduced ethylene production is behind the resistance. \u00a9 2019 Society of Chemical Industry\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:33:07Z","timestamp":1572309187000},"page":"1195-1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Quinclorac resistance in\n                    <i>Echinochloa phyllopogon<\/i>\n                    is associated with reduced ethylene synthesis rather than enhanced cyanide detoxification by \u03b2\u2010cyanoalanine synthase"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Pattarasuda","family":"Chayapakdee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8174-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukari","family":"Sunohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longjiang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9666-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Region Agricultural Research Center National Agriculture and Food Research Organization  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Iwakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1614\/WT-D-15-00131.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"HeapI The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. 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