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Recently, resistance to the insecticide spinosad has been described in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. exigua<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> field populations. To date, there has been no functional evidence proving the involvement of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) \u03b16 mutation in spinosad resistance in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. exigua<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, using the CRISPR\/Cas9 genome\u2010editing system, a homozygous strain (Se\u03b16\u2010KO) with approximately 1760\u2010bp deletion within Se\u03b16 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. exigua<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> causing a premature truncation of Se\u03b16 was successfully constructed. Insecticide bioassays showed that Se\u03b16\u2010KO exhibited 373\u2010fold higher resistance to spinosad and 850\u2010fold higher resistance to spinetoram compared to WH\u2010S strain with the same genetic background but showed no significant change in susceptibility to emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole. Genetic analysis revealed that Se\u03b16\u2010KO is inherited as an incompletely recessive trait<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results clearly demonstrated the functional role of <jats:italic>Se\u03b16<\/jats:italic> in resistance to spinosyn insecticides and provide an example of using genome editing to verify a target premature truncation associated with resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T01:04:48Z","timestamp":1581642288000},"page":"2415-2422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Functional validation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor <scp>(nAChR) \u03b16<\/scp> as a target of spinosyns in <scp><i>Spodoptera exigua<\/i><\/scp> utilizing the <scp>CRISPR\/Cas9<\/scp> 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