{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:46:15Z","timestamp":1774086375755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sustainable control of the Mediterranean fruit fly,\n                      <jats:italic>Ceratitis capitata<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Wiedemann), is compromised by the development of resistance to malathion and lambda\u2010cyhalothrin in Spanish field populations. At present, field populations remain susceptible to spinosad. However, the resistant strain JW\u2010100s has been obtained under laboratory selection with spinosad, and resistance has been associated with the presence of different mutations causing truncated transcripts of the \u03b16 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR\u03b16).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An F1 screen assay followed by the molecular characterization of surviving flies has been used to search for spinosad\u2010resistant alleles in field populations. Two different resistant alleles giving rise to truncated isoforms of\n                      <jats:italic>Cc\u03b16<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been identified, which corresponds to an estimated allelic frequency of at least 0.0023\u20130.0046. The fitness values of the resistant nAChR\u03b16 alleles found in the laboratory strain JW\u2010100s were estimated to be 0.4 for\n                      <jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 0.2 for\n                      <jats:italic>SR<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mathematical modelling predicted that spinosad\u2010resistant alleles will rapidly decline over time in field populations if their fitness cost was the same as estimated for laboratory\u2010resistant alleles. However, they are predicted to increase in the field if their fitness cost is lower and resistance management strategies are not implemented.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spinosad\u2010resistant alleles have been detected in field populations for the first time. Our modelling simulations indicate that the best option to delay the appearance of spinosad resistance would be its rotation with other insecticides without cross\u2010resistance. The integrated F1 screen\/molecular genetic analysis presented here can be used for future monitoring studies. \u00a9 2020 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T02:53:41Z","timestamp":1589943221000},"page":"3702-3710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Field detection and predicted evolution of spinosad resistance in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Ceratitis capitata<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Guillem\u2010Amat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Microbiana y de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Errasqu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Microbiana y de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enric","family":"Ure\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Microbiana y de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Microbiana y de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7778-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Ortego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Microbiana y de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"MAPA.Ministerio de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentaci\u00f3n. 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