{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:27Z","timestamp":1786978347647,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010809","name":"Umweltbundesamt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3714674070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3714674070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013549","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010809","name":"Umweltbundesamt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Commensal rodents such as Norway rats (\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Berk.), black rats (\n                      <jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) and house mice (\n                      <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) damage stored produce and infrastructure, cause hygienic problems and transmit zoonotic pathogens to humans. The management of commensal rodents relies mainly on the use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). ARs are persistent and bio\u2010accumulative, which can cause exposure of non\u2010target species. We compared the baiting strategies to use brodifacoum (BR) in bait boxes indoors only\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in and around buildings in replicated field trials at livestock farms to assess resulting BR residues in non\u2010target small mammals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When bait was used indoors only, the percentage of trapped non\u2010target small mammals with BR residues as well as BR concentration in liver tissue was about 50% lower in comparison to bait application in and around buildings. These effects occurred in murid rodents and shrews but not in voles that were generally only mildly exposed. During the baiting period, BR concentration in murids was stable but decreased by about 50% in shrews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Restricting the application of BR bait to indoors only can reduce exposure of non\u2010target species. The positive effect of this baiting strategy on non\u2010target species needs to be balanced with the need for an effective pest rodent management within a reasonable time. More research is needed to clarify which management approaches strike this balance best.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T22:58:39Z","timestamp":1594076319000},"page":"611-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Baiting location affects anticoagulant rodenticide exposure of non\u2010target small mammals on farms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Walther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Geduhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Schenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Schl\u00f6telburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"TobinMEandFallMW Pest control: rodents USDA National Wildlife Research Center \u2013 Staff Publications67:1\u201321 (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410902989837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-5985-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(07)00003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780430112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of the current knowledge of rodent behaviour in relation to control devices","volume":"263","author":"Clapperton BK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci Conservat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2268"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"LundM Resistance to the second\u2010generation anticoagulant rodenticides in 11th Vertebrate Pest Conference in ed. byClarkDO MarshREandBeadleDE.University of California Davis Sacramento CA pp.89\u201394(1984)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"FisherP O'ConnorC WrightGandEasonCT Persistence of four anticoagulant rodenticides in the livers of laboratory rats. DOC Science Internal Series 139:5\u201318 (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00836.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Potential Risks of Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals: A Comparative Approach","author":"Erickson W","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-04064-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3422-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(98)00141-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-40.4.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-012-9771-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-0788-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2016.00080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2011.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","unstructured":"European Commission EU Pesticides database. Available:http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant\/pesticides\/eu-pesticides-database\/public\/?event=activesubstance.selection&language=EN[1 July 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","unstructured":"ECHA ECHA database Information on biocides. Available:https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/information-on-chemicals\/biocidal-products[1 July 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","volume-title":"Risk Mitigation Measures for Anticoagulant Rodenticides as Biocidal Products \u2013 Final Report","author":"Berny P","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","unstructured":"HSE Environmental risk mitigation measures for second generation anticoagulant rodenticides proposed by the UK HSE Bootle (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"UBA Gute fachliche Anwendung von Nagetierbek\u00e4mpfungsmitteln mit Antikoagulanzien f\u00fcr geschulte berufsm\u00e4\u00dfige Verwender UBA Dessau\u2010Ro\u00dflau(2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","unstructured":"CRRU Environmental risk assessment when using anticoagulant rodenticides. The campaign for responsible rodenticide use Osset CRRU Ossett(2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","volume-title":"Prevalence of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Non\u2010target Predators and Scavengers in Finland","author":"Koivisto E","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","volume-title":"Risk mitigation measures for anticoagulants used as rodenticides, Document CA\u2010May 09\u2010 Doc 3.6.c., European Commission, Directorate\u2010General Environment, Directorate B \u2013 Protecting the Natural Environment ENV.B.3 \u2013 Biotechnology, Pesticides and Health","author":"European Commission","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","unstructured":"UBA Nagetierbek\u00e4mpfung mit Antikoagulanzien \u2013 Antworten auf h\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen UBA Dessau\u2010Ro\u00dflau(2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-0886-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","unstructured":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) Genesis\u2010online Regionaldatenbank Deutschland Version 4.2.5. Code 33111 Fl\u00e4chenerhebung nach Art der tats\u00e4chlichen Nutzung. Available:https:\/\/www\u2010genesis.destatis.de\/genesis\/online?operation=statistic&levelindex=0&levelid=1592296213287&code=33111#abreadcrumb[2 June 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","unstructured":"DWD Weather M\u00fcnster\/Osnabr\u00fcck (Flugh.) current climate. Available:https:\/\/www.dwd.de\/EN\/weather\/weather_climate_local\/north_rhine-westphalia\/muenster\/_node.html[11 April 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09670870701245223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","volume-title":"Authorisation of anticoagulant rodenticides in Germany \u2013 risk mitigation measures, best practice and FAQs","author":"UBA","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","unstructured":"RCoreTeam R: a language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna(2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","author":"Team R","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v069.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2389592"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","unstructured":"CRRU CRRU Guidance permanent baiting \u2010 revised July 2019 CRRU Ossett (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","unstructured":"EPA Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED): rodenticide cluster EPA738\u2010R\u201098\u2010007 EPA Washington DC (1998)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","unstructured":"FisherP Residual concentrations and persistence of the anticoagulant rodenticides brodifacoum and diphacinone in fauna. Doctoral Thesis Lincoln University Lincoln NE (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","volume-title":"Guideline on Best Practice in the Use of Rodenticide Baits as Biocides in the European Union","author":"CEFIC","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","volume-title":"CRRU UKCode of Best Practice","author":"CRRU","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","volume-title":"Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Non\u2010target Wildlife: An Ecological Evaluation of Permanent Baiting in Rural Rat control, Doctoral Thesis","author":"Harradine JP","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","volume-title":"The Natural History of Shrews","author":"Churchfield S","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","unstructured":"BoothL FisherP HeppelthwaiteVandEasonC Toxicity and residues of brodifacoum in snails and earthworms. DOC Science Internal Series 143:1\u201314 (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","unstructured":"HowaldGR The risk of non\u2010target species poisoning from brodifacoum used to eradicate rats from Langara Island British Columbia Canada. Master thesis The University of British Columbia Vancouver (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780)","volume":"31","author":"Bever K","year":"1983","journal-title":"Saeugetierkd Mitt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1993.57.2.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","unstructured":"Bund Verordnung zum Schutz wildlebender Tier\u2010 und Pflanzenarten (Bundesartenschutzverordnung \u2010 BArtSchV) Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Umwelt Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit Bonn (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","unstructured":"CoxPR Environmental effects of rodenticide use. Doctoral Thesis University of Reading Reading (1991)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","unstructured":"MurphyR WilliamsRandHideG Population biology of the urban mouse (Mus domesticus) in the UK in Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests 2005 July 11\u201313 International Conference on Urban Pests (ICUP) pp. 351\u2013355 (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"A roof rat bait station that excludes deer mice","volume":"18","author":"Erickson WA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Wildl Soc Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AM13010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09670874.2010.537793"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fps.5987","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.5987","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.5987","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.5987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:37:36Z","timestamp":1761046656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.5987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.5987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.5987","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}