{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:04:22Z","timestamp":1789268662841,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI136850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI136850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31830087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31830087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81829004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81829004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic> is the primary vector of mosquito\u2010borne diseases, including dengue and chikungunya, in China. The management of vector mosquitoes is the primary strategy for the control of such infectious diseases. The gravid <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic> prefers to skip\u2010oviposit its eggs into different small water containers, and the management of these breeding places is critical for mosquito control<jats:italic>. Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>Israelensis<\/jats:italic> (Bti) is a useful biological larvicide, but the effective period of the currently available commercial product is relatively short. This study aimed to develop a long\u2010lasting formulation of Bti to control the dengue vector mosquito <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Water\u2010soluble polyethylene glycols and water\u2010insoluble hexadecanol were mixed with Bti to develop the long\u2010lasting formulation Bti\u2010BLOCK, based on the solid dispersion technique. The controlled release of Bti\u2010BLOCK and its effect on <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic> were assayed in the laboratory and in the field. The results showed that Bti toxins were slowly released from Bti\u2010BLOCK into the water and maintained at an effective dose for at least 6\u2009months. Bti\u2010BLOCK caused high mortality during the immature stage (&gt;90%) and achieved full inhibition during pupation (100%). The efficacy lasted at least 12\u2009weeks in the laboratory and 6\u2009weeks in the field. Furthermore, we confirmed an 89% reduction in <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic> density and a reduction in the <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> of dengue to a low\u2010risk level after 6\u2009months of open\u2010field interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a long\u2010lasting biological larvicide, Bti\u2010BLOCK, which displayed very good efficacy in the control of the dengue vector mosquito <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T06:51:23Z","timestamp":1598943083000},"page":"741-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A long\u2010lasting biological larvicide against the dengue vector mosquito <scp><i>Aedes albopictus<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9134-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, School of Public Health Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Gu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, School of Public Health Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, School of Public Health Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 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