{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:53:14Z","timestamp":1768726394830,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000360","name":"Scottish Funding Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HR09011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR09011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012895","name":"Zoetis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pyrethroid deltamethrin is used to treat infestations of farmed salmon by parasitic salmon lice, <jats:italic>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/jats:italic> (Kr\u00f8yer). However, the efficacy of deltamethrin for salmon delousing is threatened by resistance development. In terrestrial arthropods, knockdown resistance (<jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>) mutations of the voltage\u2010gated sodium channel (Na<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>), the molecular target for pyrethroids, can cause deltamethrin resistance. A putative <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutation of an <jats:italic>L. salmonis<\/jats:italic> sodium channel homologue (LsNa<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1.3 I936V) has been identified previously. At the same time, deltamethrin resistance of <jats:italic>L. salmonis<\/jats:italic> has been shown to be inherited maternally and to be associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. This study assessed potential roles of the above putative <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutation as a determinant of deltamethrin resistance in laboratory strains and field populations of <jats:italic>L. salmonis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The deltamethrin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>L. salmonis<\/jats:italic> strain IoA\u201002 expresses the LsNa<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1.3 I936V mutation but was susceptible to the non\u2010ester pyrethroid etofenprox, a compound against which pyrethroid\u2010resistant arthropods are usually cross\u2010resistant if resistance is caused by Na<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> mutations. In a family derived from a cross between an IoA\u201002 male and a drug\u2010susceptible female lacking the <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutation, deltamethrin resistance was not associated with the genotype at the LsNa<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1.3 locus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Similarly, in Scottish field populations of <jats:italic>L. salmonis<\/jats:italic>, LsNa<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1.3 I936V showed no association with deltamethrin resistance. By contrast, genotypes at the mtDNA loci A14013G and A9030G were significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the studied <jats:italic>L. salmonis<\/jats:italic> isolates, deltamethrin resistance was unrelated to the LsNa<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1.3 I936V mutation, but showed close association with mtDNA mutations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T11:02:04Z","timestamp":1601550124000},"page":"1052-1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of deltamethrin resistance in salmon lice (<i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/i>) provides no evidence for roles of mutations in voltage\u2010gated sodium channels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4216-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Tschesche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Bekaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David I","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHARMAQ Ltd.  Fordingbridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHARMAQ Ltd.  Fordingbridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Carmona\u2010Anto\u00f1anzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"},{"name":"Imegen Parc Cientific de la Universitat de Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E","family":"Bron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2632-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icesjms.2006.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269727000003389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","article-title":"Best practice for drug\u2010free methods for salmon lice control \u2010 Final report","author":"Holan AB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nofima Rapp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"The Surveillance Programme for Resistance to Chemotherapeutants in Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Norway 2018","author":"Helgesen KO","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14681-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaa062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0726-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global pesticide use: profile, trend, cost\/benefit and more","volume":"8","author":"Zhang W","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/150760a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00276878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076781"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26420-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00339-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2008.6.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"A formula for determining degree of dominance in cases of monofactorial inheritance of resistance to chemicals","volume":"38","author":"Stone BF","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3808-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780080607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1998.72062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"A1","article-title":"Method for detection of pyrethroid resistance in crustaceans and oligonucleotide sequences useful in detection of pyrethroid resistance","volume":"2920588","author":"Nilsen F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Pat Appl CA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.suppl_4.S15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01305-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.104.006205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.4.914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2014.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051925"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305118110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02173204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-3575(86)90013-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780190306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9063(199610)48:2<175::AID-PS456>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01940731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2004.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000178311.02878.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","first-page":"326","article-title":"An overview of the main pathways of metabolic resistance in insects","volume":"13","author":"Panini M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invertebr Surv J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-017-0539-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011872"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2012.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780130404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Cypermethrin exposure induces metabolic and stress\u2010related gene expression in copepodid salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)","volume":"20","author":"Poley J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3924"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2006.10.001"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.6120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.6120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.6120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:38:54Z","timestamp":1761046734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.6120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.6120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.6120","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}