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This could be minimized using a product combining a rodenticide with a delayed action and a systemic insecticide\/acaricide that rapidly kills ectoparasites. Such a combination was tested in commensal pest rodent species to assess efficacy and timing of responses in rodents, and fleas and ticks feeding on them. Ticks or fleas attached to rats (<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>) and house mice (<jats:italic>Mus musculus domesticus<\/jats:italic>) were exposed to a product containing brodifacoum (50\u2009ppm) and fipronil (40\u2009ppm) for three days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>98\u2013100% of fleas on treated rodents died within one to two days after first exposure, whereas &gt;90% fleas survived on control rodents. The effect persisted for four or more\u2009days after bait uptake. Ticks started to succumb to the effect of the combination product within one day (mice) and within four days (rats) of first exposure, with all ticks dying by Day (D)8. Tick survival in control rodents was 90\u2013100%. Rodent mortality began at D3 (rats) and D4 (mice) after first consumption of product and all were dead by D9 (rats) and D7 (mice).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This product effectively killed ectoparasites and rodents. Flea mortality was swift and complete, generally within one day of exposure, whereas it took ticks up to four days to die, but before the rats and house mice died. The combination product might help to prevent ectoparasites migrating from dying rodents to another host. Field trials are warranted. \u00a9 2020 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T13:22:01Z","timestamp":1605619321000},"page":"1160-1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of a combined insecticide\u2013rodenticide product on ectoparasite and commensal rodent mortality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyn A","family":"Hinds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health and Biosecurity  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Grice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health and Biosecurity  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan M","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reckitt Benckiser  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Julius K\u00fchn Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801882210","volume-title":"Mammal Species of the World \u2010 A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference","author":"Wilson DE","year":"2005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JohnsonT Rat control for Alaska waterfront facilities.Alaska Sea Grant College Program for the Alaska Department of Fish and Game University of Alaska Fairbanks pp. 1\u2013106 (2008).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4027\/rcawf.2008","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.4027\/rcawf.2008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice","author":"Caughley G","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0366","volume-title":"Rodent Pests and their Control","author":"Howald G","year":"2015"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410902989837"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780430112"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0123"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_14"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Plague studies: I. 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