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Insecticide\u2010based mosquito interventions are the main tools for vector\u2010borne disease control. However, mosquito resistance to insecticides is a major threat to effective prevention and control. Five\n Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n populations across Hainan Province, China were investigated for susceptibility to multiple insecticide and resistance mechanisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Larval bioassays indicated that resistance to pyrethroids was common in all larval populations. Adult bioassays revealed all populations were either resistant or highly resistant to at least four of the six synthetic insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, propoxur, malathion, and DDT) tested. Pre\u2010exposure of mosquitoes to the synergistic agent piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased mosquito mortality by 2.4\u201343.3% in bioassays to DDT, malathion, and permethrin and rendered mosquito sensitive to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and propoxur. The frequency of knockdown resistance (\n kdr<\/jats:italic>\n ) mutations (F1534S and F1534C) ranged from 69.8% to 89.3% and from 38.1% to 87.0% in field\u2010resistant and sensitive populations, respectively. F1534S mutation was significantly associated with pyrethroid resistance. No mutation was detected in the acetylcholinesterase (\n ace\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n ) gene in the two examined populations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n This study provides evidence of widespread resistance to multiple insecticides in\n Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n in Hainan Province, China. Both\n kdr<\/jats:italic>\n mutations and metabolic detoxification were potential causes of insecticide resistance for\n Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n . Our findings highlight the need for insecticide resistance management and mosquito control measures that do not entirely depend on synthetic insecticides. \u00a9 2020 The Authors.\n Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T22:22:31Z","timestamp":1607638951000},"page":"1945-1953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Widespread multiple insecticide resistance in the major dengue vector\n \n Aedes albopictus<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n in Hainan Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiji","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology Hainan Medical University Haikou China"},{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofa","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daibin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hemming\u2010Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy E","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Chieh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saifeng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology Hainan Medical University Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Research Laboratory Hainan Medical University Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuanzhuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guzhen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08347"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Ten threats to global health in 2019 Retrieved November 2019 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Genotypes of knockdown resistance gene and their distribution in Aedes albopictus in Haikou, China, in 2018","volume":"30","author":"Zhao C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Vector Biol Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Global Invasive Species Database 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species (2021). 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