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Chemically characterized compounds, such as a saponin from pepper (<jats:italic>Capsicum frutescens<\/jats:italic> L), benzaldehyde, chitosan and 2\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose are being studied as natural fungicides. Resin glycosides for pathogen resistance in sweet potato and residues of semi\u2010tropical leguminous plants for nematode control are also under investigation. Bioassay\u2010guided isolation of compounds with potential use as herbicides or herbicide leads is underway at several locations. New natural phytotoxin molecular target sites (asparagine synthetase and fructose\u20101,6\u2010bisphosphate aldolase) have been discovered. Weed control in sweet potato and rice by allelopathy is under investigation. Molecular approaches to enhance allelopathy in sorghum are also being undertaken. The genes for polyketide synthases involved in production of pesticidal polyketide compounds in fungi are found to provide clues for pesticide discovery. Gene expression profiles in response to fungicides and herbicides are being generated as tools to understand more fully the mode of action and to rapidly determine the molecular target site of new, natural fungicides and herbicides. 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