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To increase the flexibility of future GPM systems in DBM, we aimed to assess the use of a non\u2010cell\u2010autonomous, invertebrate\u2010specific, neurotoxic effector \u2013 the scorpion toxin AaHIT. This AaHIT effector was designed to be secreted by expressing cells, potentially leading to effects on distant cells, specifically neuromuscular junctions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Expression of AaHIT caused a \u2018shaking\/quivering\u2019 phenotype that could be repressed by provision of an antidote (tetracycline): a phenotype consistent with the AaHIT mode\u2010of\u2010action. This effect was more pronounced when AaHIT expression was driven by the\n                      <jats:italic>Hr5\/ie1<\/jats:italic>\n                      promoter (82.44% of males, 65.14% of females) rather than\n                      <jats:italic>Op\/ie2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (57.35% of males, 48.39% of females). Contrary to expectations, the shaking phenotype and observed fitness costs were limited to adults in which they caused severe reductions in mean longevity (\u221281%) and median female fecundity (\u221293%). Quantitative polymerase chain reactions of AaHIT expression patterns and analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>piggyBac<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010mediated transgene insertion sites suggest that restriction of the observed effects to the adult stages may be due to the influence of the local genomic environment on the tetO\u2010AaHIT transgene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrated the feasibility of using non\u2010cell\u2010autonomous effectors within a GPM context for the first time in Lepidoptera, one of the most economically damaging orders of insects. These findings provide a framework for extending this system to other pest Lepidoptera and to other secreted effectors. \u00a9 2021 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T08:07:46Z","timestamp":1614845266000},"page":"3154-3164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Engineered expression of the invertebrate\u2010specific scorpion toxin\n                    <scp>AaHIT<\/scp>\n                    reduces adult longevity and female fecundity in the diamondback moth\n                    <i>Plutella xylostella<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8793-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Harvey\u2010Samuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod Genetics Group The Pirbright Institute  Woking UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Lovett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod Genetics Group The Pirbright Institute  Woking UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarig","family":"Dafa'alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OXITEC Ltd.  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