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The use of EPN for control of Mediterranean fruit fly is further hampered by the cost of using nematodes. In this study, the efficacy and residual activity of commercial strains of three EPN species, <jats:italic>Steinernema carp\u03bfcapsae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. feltiae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Heter\u03bfrhabditis bacteri\u03bfph\u03bfra<\/jats:italic> medfly) <jats:italic>C. capitata<\/jats:italic>, in the soil substrate and inside fruits were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suspensions of these species were applied at a dose of 1.5\u2009mi\u2009m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> on a soil substrate wherein medfly larvae were added sequentially for a period of 4\u2009weeks post application at 20\u2009\u00b0C. <jats:italic>S. feltiae<\/jats:italic> provided the highest suppression up to 50% as assessed by adult medfly emergence because it had the highest immediate activity and long residual activity. Furthermore, <jats:italic>S. feltiae<\/jats:italic>, and to a lesser degree <jats:italic>S. carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>, were able to move and infect medfly larvae inside infested apples and oranges left in the surface of the substrate wherein EPN were applied, reducing significantly adult medfly emergence (60\u201378%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results support the efficacy and feasibility of applying a single, relatively low dose of <jats:italic>S. feltiae<\/jats:italic> in autumn, off\u2010season, targeting overwintering medfly larvae with the scope of reducing the number of adult medflies emerging later in the new season.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T04:54:02Z","timestamp":1618635242000},"page":"3964-3969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficacy and residual activity of commercially available entomopathogenic nematode strains for Mediterranean fruit fly control and their ability to infect infested fruits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Kapranas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology &amp; Agricultural Zoology Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Chronopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology &amp; Agricultural Zoology Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2523-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna C","family":"Lytra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology &amp; Agricultural Zoology Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E\u2010nema GmbH  Schwentinental Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5391-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis G","family":"Milonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology &amp; Agricultural Zoology Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios P","family":"Papachristos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology &amp; Agricultural Zoology Benaki Phytopathological Institute  Kifissia Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"A list of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) host plants based on the records of INIA\u2010CENIAP Museum of insects of agricultural interest","volume":"19","author":"Morales P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Entomotropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Host plants of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae): an annotated world review","volume":"77","author":"Liquido NJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Misc Publ Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control","author":"Fimiani P","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control","author":"Fischer\u2010Colbrie P","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2007.01769.x","article-title":"Ecological niches and potential geographical distributions of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and Natal fruit fly (Ceratitis rosa)","volume":"35","author":"De Meyer M","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biogeogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/101.1.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KlassenWandCurtisCF History of the Sterile Insect Technique In: Dyck VA Hendrichs J Robinson AS (Eds) Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area\u2010Wide Integrated Pest Management. 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