{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:36:03Z","timestamp":1781480163895,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leaf\u2010cutting ants (LCAs) of the genera\n                      <jats:italic>Atta<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Acromyrmex<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are important pests of forest plantations, agriculture and livestock. Toxic baits containing the active ingredients fipronil or sulfluramid are the main method used to control LCAs. Insecticide dispersion among members of an LCA colony during control with toxic bait is not well understood. The objective of the study was to determine whether self\u2010grooming, allogrooming or touching behavior among\n                      <jats:italic>Atta sexdens<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers disperses the insecticides fipronil and sulfluramid among members of the colony. The insecticides were topically applied on groups of\n                      <jats:italic>A. sexdens<\/jats:italic>\n                      workers and social interactions between ants with and without insecticide, and group mortality were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral analysis showed an increase in interaction among LCA workers as the numbers of individuals increased, with touches between workers being the most frequent behavior. The frequency of observed behaviors was higher in groups treated with sulfluramid compared with fipronil. The mortality of groups treated with fipronil was almost twice as high compared with ants treated with sulfluramid. The insecticides are probably dispersed by excessive touching among workers and subsequent self\u2010grooming and allogrooming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These behaviors were responsible for the rapid dispersion of insecticides among members of the colony. Corroboration of the hypothesis that social interactions contaminate nestmates is a model for future studies on contamination of ant workers with active insecticide ingredients. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T01:53:56Z","timestamp":1620870836000},"page":"4411-4417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Contamination routes and mortality of the leaf\u2010cutting ant\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Atta sexdens<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by the insecticides fipronil and sulfluramid through social interactions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarc\u00edsio M M","family":"Mota Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Social Insects Pests, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP)  Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6723-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto S","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Social Insects Pests, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP)  Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C","family":"Zanuncio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology\/BIOAGRO Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa (UFV)  Vi\u00e7osa Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis E P","family":"Stefanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Social Insects Pests, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP)  Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A O","family":"de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Itapeva Experimental Campus State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP)  Itapeva Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz C","family":"Forti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Social Insects Pests, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP)  Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Use of alternatives to PFOS, its salts and PFOSF for the control of leaf\u2010cutting ants Atta and Acromyrmex","volume":"3","author":"Britto JS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Res Env Std"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/20702620.2019.1639596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f5030439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects8020059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13744-018-0652-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00040-006-0879-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2010.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaa083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/EC09350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.1367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-10306-7","volume-title":"The Ants","author":"H\u00f6lldobler B","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Trophallaxis in dehydrated leaf cutting colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"54","author":"Silva AC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Samuels RI Erthal M and Moreira DDO Ocorr\u00eancia de trofalaxia oral entre oper\u00e1rias de Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 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