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In most cases, incidence of \u2018regulated\u2019 dangerous fruit flies in orchards results in restrictions on export of fruits from such places to international markets. Unfortunately, use of insecticides applied on foliage and fruits does not kill the fruit\u2010to\u2010soil stages of fruit flies. However, diverse biological control agents (BCAs) do so. Thus, prevalence of native and invasive fruit flies in orchards will require that a combination of BCAs is included in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In the case of\n                    <jats:italic>Bactrocera dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Hendel and other economically important fruit flies found in sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA), use of classical biocontrol approach involves concomitant releases of two exotic parasitoids (\n                    <jats:italic>Fopius arisanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sonan and\n                    <jats:italic>Diachasmimorpha longicaudata<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ashmead). These non\u2010native wasps may have complemented the indigenous parasitoids in combination with application of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) and conservation of predatory ants (\n                    <jats:italic>Oecophylla longinoda<\/jats:italic>\n                    Latreille, with\n                    <jats:italic>O. smaragdina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in fruit fly IPM plans. Consequently, some levels of decline in fruit infestation have been observed. Although interspecific interactions between BCAs against several insect pests have produced varying results, including threatening the survival of other BCAs, the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>B. dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in orchards across SSA requires further research to investigate effects of coalescing biocontrol approaches in IPM strategies. Therefore, future research into combining parasitoids, EPFs and entomopathogenic nematodes, in addition to conservation of predatory ants (\n                    <jats:italic>O. longinoda<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>O. smaragdina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and others) in IPM plans may improve the effectiveness of currently used strategies for the management of fruit\u2010infesting tephritids. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T04:59:47Z","timestamp":1621918787000},"page":"4224-4237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Overview and future research needs for development of effective biocontrol strategies for management of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Bactrocera dorsalis<\/i>\n                      Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) in\n                    <scp>sub\u2010Saharan Africa<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William K","family":"Heve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development  Somanya Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Adjadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell K","family":"Billah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2000.tb01523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-006-9117-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"De MeyerM MohamedSMAandWhiteIM Invasive fruit fly pests in Africa: a diagnostic tools and information reference for the four Asian species of fruit fly that have become accidentally established in Africa including the Indian Ocean islands. 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