{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:47:16Z","timestamp":1791586036367,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/20385\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/20385\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fall armyworm, <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic> (J. E. Smith), is a relevant global pest due to severe damage caused on agricultural crops and its capacity to evolve resistance to insecticides. Here, we selected a strain of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0frugiperda<\/jats:italic> resistant to emamectin benzoate under laboratory conditions to understand the inheritance patterns, cross\u2010resistance and synergism involved in the resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emamectin benzoate\u2010resistant (Ben\u2010R) strain was isolated by using F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> screen in a field population collected in Lucas do Rio Verde, Mato Grasso state, Brazil. After ten generations of selection pressure with emamectin benzoate, the estimated LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of the Ben\u2010R strain was 678.38\u2009\u03bcg a.i. mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> whereas that of the susceptible (Sus) strain was 0.29\u2009\u03bcg a.i.mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, resulting in a resistance ratio (RR) of  2340\u2010fold. The LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of the offspring from reciprocal crosses of Sus and Ben\u2010R strains were 93.37 and 105.32\u2009\u03bcg a.i. mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, suggesting that resistance is an autosomal incompletely dominant trait. The high survival of heterozygous and Ben\u2010R strains (&gt;92%) on non\u2010Bt maize sprayed with the field rate of emamectin benzoate confirmed that resistance is functionally dominant. The minimum number of segregations influencing resistance was 3.55, suggesting a polygenic effect. Low cross\u2010resistance was detected between emamectin benzoate and the insecticides methomyl, chlorpyrifos, lambda\u2010cyhalothrin, spinetoram, indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole (RR &lt;5.75\u2010fold). There was no effect of synergists piperonyl butoxide, diethyl maleate and <jats:italic>S, S, S<\/jats:italic>\u2010tributyl phosphorotrithiotate on the Ben\u2010R strain, suggesting a minor role of metabolic resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed a high risk of resistance evolution of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0frugiperda<\/jats:italic> to emamectin benzoate, based on incompletely dominant inheritance. Rotation of insecticides with different modes of action can be one of the resistance management strategies to be implemented to delay the evolution of resistance of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0frugiperda<\/jats:italic> to emamectin benzoate in Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T14:19:41Z","timestamp":1625321981000},"page":"5049-5057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Inheritance patterns, cross\u2010resistance and synergism in <scp><i>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/i><\/scp> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant to emamectin benzoate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Dionei S","family":"Muraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Acarology University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo 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