{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:52:48Z","timestamp":1782521568672,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wireworms, the soil\u2010dwelling larvae of click beetles, are a major threat to global agricultural production. This is largely due to their generalist polyphagous feeding capabilities, extended and cryptic life cycles, and limited management options available. Although wireworms are well\u2010documented as economically important pests in the Canadian Prairies, including Manitoba, there are gaps in knowledge on species distributions, subterranean behaviour and life cycles, feeding ecology and damage capacity, and economic thresholds for crop yield loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We carried out 3\u2009years (2018\u20132020) of intensive surveillance of larval populations across Manitoba. A total of 31 fields (24 in \u2265\u20092 consecutive years) were surveyed in early spring using standardized bait trapping approaches. Wireworms were present in 94% of surveyed sites, but the catch within fields varied year to year. While <jats:italic>Hypnoidus bicolor<\/jats:italic> predominated (94% of larvae), several other pest species were identified. We then explored the relationships between wireworm trap numbers and agro\u2010environmental factors. The larval catch tended to decrease under conditions of low soil temperatures and increased clay content, coupled with high soil moisture and precipitation during the trapping period. Treatment and cultural methods appeared less influential; however, wheat production in either of the previous two growing seasons was associated with increased wireworm catch. Our models failed to predict a relationship between wireworm catch and crop yields, although infestations were rare in our region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings better infer the risks posed by wireworms to crop production in the Canadian Prairies, and the agro\u2010environmental factors that represent the greatest contributors to these risks. This information should be incorporated into future integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for wireworms. \u00a9 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Pest Management Science \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T00:33:48Z","timestamp":1632011628000},"page":"369-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Three years of surveillance associates agro\u2010environmental factors with wireworm infestations in <scp>Manitoba, Canada<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Drahun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Brandon University  Brandon MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana F","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Brandon University  Brandon MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Gohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Brandon University  Brandon MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody W","family":"Koloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Brandon University  Brandon MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex J","family":"Koiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment Brandon University  Brandon MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem G","family":"van Herk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agassiz Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri\u2010Food Canada  Agassiz BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3479-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan J","family":"Cassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Brandon University  Brandon MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-021035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-015-0707-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects4010117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-9563.2001.00094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03356448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands: Biodiversity and Systematics Part 2","author":"Herk WG","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01169-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2020.104190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"HauzenbergerI Parthen\u2010PalmisanoBandHerrmann MLindane.Report presented at the third meeting of the POPs Expert Group in Geneva Switzerland in June 2002. 2002. 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