{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:00:34Z","timestamp":1785474034807,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003654","name":"Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>IR3535 is among the most widely used synthetic insect repellents, particularly for the mitigation of mosquito\u2010borne diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and Zika, as well as to control flies, ticks, fleas, lice and mites. These insects are well\u2010known vectors of deadly diseases that affect humans, livestock and crops. Moreover, global warming could increase the populations of these vectors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we performed IR3535 dose\u2013response analyses on <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>, a well\u2010known insect model organism, using electrophysiology and binary food choice assays. Our findings indicated that bitter\u2010sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) are indispensable to detect IR3535. Further, potential candidate gustatory receptors were screened, among which GR47a was identified as a key molecular sensor. IR3535 concentrations in the range 0.1\u20130.4% affected larval development and mortality. In addition, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010diethyl\u2010<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010toluamide (DEET, another commonly used insecticide) was found to exert synergistic effects when co\u2010administered with IR3535.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirmed that IR3535 directly activates bitter\u2010sensing GRNs, which are mediated by GR47a. This relatively safe and highly potent insecticide can be largely used in combination with DEET to increase its efficiency to protect livestock and crops. Collectively, our findings suggest that the molecular sensors elucidated herein could be used as targets for the development of alternative insecticides. \u00a9 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T03:06:06Z","timestamp":1635390366000},"page":"793-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cellular and molecular basis of <scp>IR3535<\/scp> perception in <scp><i>Drosophila<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Bhanu","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio &amp; Fermentation Convergence Technology Kookmin University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshani","family":"Nhuchhen Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio 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