{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:08:26Z","timestamp":1792498106938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Barnyardgrass (\n                      <jats:italic>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.) P. Beauv) has evolved resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam which is used to control weeds in rice fields in China. The present study is conducted to identify the target\u2010site resistance (TSR) mechanisms conferring resistance in a penoxsulam\u2010resistant population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ALS sensitivity\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      of the resistant population was sixfold lower to penoxsulam than that of the sensitive population. ALS sequencing revealed that no known mutation conferring ALS herbicide resistance was detected. However, a novel mutation Phe\u2010206\u2010Leu was identified in the ALS gene. Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic>ALS<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression level of the resistant population was lower than that of the sensitive population. Therefore, the penoxsulam resistance was not due to the overexpression of\n                      <jats:italic>ALS<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Molecular docking revealed that this mutation may change the interaction of the penoxsulam\u2010ALS binding and weaken its mutual affinity by approximately 10%.\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                      transformed with mutant\n                      <jats:italic>ALS<\/jats:italic>\n                      had fourfold greater resistance to penoxsulam and varied cross\u2010resistance to other ALS herbicides than those transformed with sensitive\n                      <jats:italic>ALS<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mutant and sensitive ALS proteins expressed by the baculovirus system exhibited different\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      penoxsulam sensitivity levels. Mutant ALS had eightfold lower sensitivity to penoxsulam than sensitive ALS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report provides clear evidence that the ALS mutation at position 206 (Phe\u2010206\u2010Leu) confers penoxsulam resistance in barnyardgrass. Phe\u2010206 was confirmed to be the ninth amino acid residue related to ALS herbicide resistance in weeds. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T13:50:11Z","timestamp":1648216211000},"page":"2560-2570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["A novel\n                    <scp>Phe\u2010206\u2010Leu<\/scp>\n                    mutation in acetolactate synthase confers resistance to penoxsulam in barnyardgrass (\n                    <i>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/i>\n                    (L.) P. Beauv)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Jiapeng","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application\/College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongchen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application\/College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application\/College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-713X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application\/College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.47.070178.002533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3270161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.47.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508701103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.5419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1614\/0043-1745(2002)050[0700:RROWTA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042809-112119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"HeapIM The International Herbicide\u2010Resistant Weed Database.www.weedscience.org[9 November 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2015.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1266\/ggs.73.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-003-1530-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"New generation herbicide for rice fields\u2014Penoxsulam","volume":"30","author":"Su SQ","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Pesticides"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050767g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/wsc.2019.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8039999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2019.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859614000768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.2000.2511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"TranelPJ WrightTRandHeapIM Mutations in herbicide\u2010resistant weeds to ALS inhibitors. 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