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Genes involved in the \u03d2\u2010carboxylation of blood coagulation, including vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>), \u03d2\u2010glutamyl\u2010carboxylase (<jats:italic>Ggcx<\/jats:italic>) and NAD(P)H quinone one dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>Nqo1<\/jats:italic>) are associated with anticoagulant resistance, or some levels of elevated tolerance, in rodents. To detect whether the DNA sequences of the three genes are also under natural selection in the desert rodent species, we analyzed the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ggcx<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Nqo1<\/jats:italic> genes of the desert rodents and compared them with other rodent species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found an accelerated evolutionary rate in <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> of desert rodents, especially in <jats:italic>Mus spretus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nannospalax galili<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Psammomys obesus<\/jats:italic>. By contrast, signals of positive selection were absent for <jats:italic>Ggcx<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Nqo1<\/jats:italic> in all species. Mapping the amino acid variations on the VKORC1 protein three\u2010dimensional model suggested most interspecific amino acid variations occur on the outer surface of the VKORC1 pocket, whereas most intraspecific amino acid changes and known AVK resistance mutations occurred on the inner surface and endoplasmic reticulum luminal loop regions. Some desert\u2010species\u2010specific amino acid variations were found on the positions where known resistance mutations occurred, indicating these variations might be related to the elevated physical tolerance to AVKs in desert rodents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evolution of <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> has been accelerated in some desert rodent species, indicating genetic preadaptation to anticoagulant rodenticides. Positive selection and relaxed selection have been detected in <jats:italic>Psammomys obesus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Nannospalax galili<\/jats:italic>, indicating the two rodent species might also show tolerance to AVKs, which needs further verification. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T05:53:50Z","timestamp":1649397230000},"page":"2704-2713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Accelerated evolution of <i>Vkorc1<\/i> in desert rodent species reveals genetic preadaptation to anticoagulant rodenticides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect 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