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While China achieved malaria\u2010free certification in 2021, the country remains vulnerable to imported cases, a risk exacerbated by climate change and human activities. Accurate predictions of malaria vector distributions are essential for effective prevention and management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed the Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) model to assess the current distribution of <jats:italic>Anopheles sinensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anopheles lesteri<\/jats:italic> in China, incorporating recent occurrence data alongside climatic, soil, human activity, and vegetation variables. The model projected future distribution patterns under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, SSP585) for the periods 2041\u20132060, 2061\u20132080, and 2081\u20132100. <jats:italic>An. sinensis<\/jats:italic> is currently widespread in southern, eastern, and central China, primarily influenced by the human footprint and precipitation during the driest month. <jats:italic>An. lesteri<\/jats:italic> is more confined to southern and central regions, largely shaped by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and human footprint. Both species are projected to shift northward under future climate scenarios. By 2081\u20132100, under the high\u2010emission SSP585 scenario, the potential suitability of <jats:italic>An. sinensis<\/jats:italic> is expected to decline by 5.59%, while <jats:italic>An. lesteri<\/jats:italic>'s suitability is projected to increase by 61.32%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest <jats:italic>An. lesteri<\/jats:italic> is more resilient to climate change than <jats:italic>An. sinensis<\/jats:italic>, with a greater potential for northern expansion. The complex interplay of environmental factors underscores the need for integrated vector management strategies. Adopting a One Health framework \u2013 recognizing the interconnected health of humans, animals, and ecosystems \u2013 is essential for maintaining China's malaria\u2010free status and preventing the re\u2010establishment of malaria transmission. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T05:50:57Z","timestamp":1750917057000},"page":"6486-6499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Climate and human\u2010driven changes in malaria vector distribution in China: implications for <i>Anopheles<\/i> species management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Mengshi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin Heilongjiang People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Key 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