{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T16:29:33Z","timestamp":1773160173288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The removal of female mosquitoes is a critical requirement in sterile insect technique (SIT) for mosquito control. Improving the efficiency and accuracy of sex sorting is therefore vital. Previous studies have demonstrated that treating larval\u2013pupal mixtures with a 15% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution prior to the sex sorting process reduces female contamination in\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes. However, the effects of NaCl on\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito biology and its practical application in production facilities remain insufficiently explored and warrant further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure of larval\u2013pupal mixtures to 15% NaCl for 60\u2009min led to 100% larval mortality via osmotic imbalance and intestinal tissue damage, while pupae remained unaffected due to their impermeable cuticle. Males emerging from treated pupae exhibited comparable emergence, longevity, and flight ability to controls, indicating no adverse effect on male quality. NaCl pretreatment significantly improved sorting efficiency and reduced female contamination in manual sorting, achieving a 3.9\u2010fold reduction in adult\u2010stage contamination. Although automatic sorters increased throughput, reductions in female contamination were not statistically significant. Importantly, the sorting benefits of NaCl treatment were threshold\u2010dependent and most evident at larger processing scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NaCl pretreatment is a simple, scalable, and biologically safe strategy to enhance sex separation in\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      mass production. It is particularly advantageous under high\u2010throughput conditions and preserves male fitness, supporting the stringent quality standards required for successful SIT\u2010based mosquito control. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:14:57Z","timestamp":1753434897000},"page":"7845-7853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Threshold\u2010dependent improvement in sex separation efficiency by\n                    <scp>NaCl<\/scp>\n                    pretreatment of larval\u2013pupal mixtures in mass\u2010reared\n                    <i>Aedes albopictus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence 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