{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T06:23:29Z","timestamp":1782023009456,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014893","name":"Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CXGC2025F05, CXGC2025H09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXGC2025F05, CXGC2025H09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MC117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MC117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 32472640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 32472640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Many fungal pathogens infect and kill host insects successfully through the suppression of host immune systems, making them potential biological control agents.\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a new fungal pathogen of locust\n                      <jats:italic>Locusta migratoria<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is an important insect pest worldwide; consequently, information on the molecular mechanisms that it uses to suppress the host's immune system is limited. Here, transcriptomic analyses of male locusts during an\n                      <jats:italic>A.\u2009oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection were used to characterize the temporal variations in the host's molecular immune responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two key immune tissues, fat body cells and hemocytes, exhibited distinct functional roles in the locust's defense against\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, with their contributions varying over time. Following\n                      <jats:italic>A.\u2009oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>pattern recognition receptors<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>PRRs<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) increased in fat body cells but decreased in hemocytes. In fat body cells, the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>serine protease inhibitors<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>SERPINs<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) showed a significant increase at 48\u2009h and 72\u2009h postinfection (hpi) with\n                      <jats:italic>A.\u2009oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In hemocytes,\n                      <jats:italic>SERPINs<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited an initial upregulation at 24\u2009hpi, followed by a downregulation by 72\u2009hpi, suggesting that serine proteinase activity is suppressed, which in turn hinders the activation of downstream pathways such as prophenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and Toll pathways. Most effectors, such as lysozymes, defensins and peroxiredoxin, were upregulated in fat body cells by 48\u2009hpi.\n                      <jats:italic>PPOs<\/jats:italic>\n                      were down\u2010regulated both in fat body cells and hemocytes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>A.\u2009oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection markedly weakened the locust's immune defenses within 72\u2009hpi, resulting in a reduced host's Toll pathway in response to the fungal pathogen infection. These results offer critical information that can be utilized to design highly efficient biocontrol in integrated locust management programs with microbial agents. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T07:56:49Z","timestamp":1756108609000},"page":"8522-8532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular immune responses of male locusts\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Locusta migratoria<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    to an\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Aspergillus oryzae<\/i>\n                      XJ1\n                    <\/scp>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Key Laboratory for Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Pests Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Key Laboratory for Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Pests Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chune","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro\u2010Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food &amp;Nutrition Science and Technology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Jinan 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