{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:17:04Z","timestamp":1785471424350,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00674\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Essential oils (EOs) extracted from eight culinary herbs and spices, some endemic to Macaronesia flora (\n Cedronella canariensis, Clinopodium ascendens<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Laurus novocanariensis<\/jats:italic>\n ) and others common in Mediterranean cuisine (\n Cinnamomum burmannii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ocimum gratissimum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Origanum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n virens<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Syzygium aromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n ) were evaluated via direct\u2010contact bioassays, both\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n , against three species of phytopathogenic fungi (\n Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n ) and the obligatory biotrophic fungus\n Oidium farinosum<\/jats:italic>\n . Carvacrol\u2010rich\n Origanum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n was selected to study the influence of isomerism on bioactivity, because\n Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n is rich in thymol, a structural isomer of carvacrol.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Five EOs exhibited strong to moderate antifungal activity and were further screened at lower concentrations to assess their toxicity and growth inhibition thresholds.\n Cedronella canariensis<\/jats:italic>\n showed no antifungal activity, whereas\n Laurus novocanariensis<\/jats:italic>\n demonstrated only weak activity against\n Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n . This fungus was more susceptible to the tested EO than the other phytopathogenic fungi.\n Origanum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n was slightly more effective than\n Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n , for all three phytopathogenic fungi.\n Ocimum gratissimum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Syzygium aromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Cinnamomum burmannii<\/jats:italic>\n significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, whereas\n Origanum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n showed moderate activity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Phenylpropanoid\u2010rich EOs, such as\n Cinnamomum burmannii, Ocimum gratissimum<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n S. aromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n , exhibited the strongest antifungal activity in both bioassays with phytopathogenic and obligate biotrophic fungi. Our results confirm the higher antifungal activity of the phenylpropanoid class of EOs. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T04:31:49Z","timestamp":1758256309000},"page":"421-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing essential oils from Macaronesia: a study on their efficacy against phytopathogenic and obligate biotrophic fungi"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1467-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Miguel","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM \u2013 Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira Universidade da Madeira Funchal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Sousa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM \u2013 Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira Universidade da Madeira Funchal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duarte Fernandes","family":"Sardinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qualidade Agr\u00edcola, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Servi\u00e7os dos Laborat\u00f3rios Agr\u00edcolas e Agroalimentares, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Regional de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural, Secretaria Regional de Agricultura, Pescas e Ambiente Camacha Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Sabina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Fitopatologia, Secci\u00f3n de Biologia Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9512-7754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundo Cabrera","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Fitopatologia, Secci\u00f3n de Biologia Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Machado","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM \u2013 Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira Universidade da Madeira Funchal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2022.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07060661.2020.1807409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Botrytis cinerea and table grapes: a review of the Main physical","volume":"9","author":"De Simone N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemical, and Bio\u2010Based Control Treatments in Post\u2010Harvest, Foods"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10108-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2022.112158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long\u2010term and rapid evolution in powdery mildew fungi","volume":"00","author":"Kusch S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHP-03-21-0064-RV"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36253\/phyto-11976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13060776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12244122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1771"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14070817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"SIPCAM PORTUGAL ARAW."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) NIST Chemistry WebBook NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69 US Dep Commer(2024).https:\/\/webbook.nist.gov. 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