{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T09:11:07Z","timestamp":1773652267899,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016270","name":"Global Challenges Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Kenya, the extensive use of agrochemicals in fruits and vegetable farming raises concerns about pesticide residues in agricultural products including tomato fruits. There are still a number of highly hazardous pesticides including mancozeb, glyphosate acid, chlorpyrifos, acephate and cypermethrin amongst many others that are still used in Kenya despite being banned in Europe due to harmful effects on humans and other animals. This study aimed to evaluate the residual levels of cypermethrin pesticide in locally produced tomato in Laikipia County, Kenya. Also, the study identified some practices that lead to pesticide residual levels in tomatoes. A total of 82 tomato samples were analyzed for pesticide residues following extraction using QuEChERS method and analyzed for the presence of synthetic pyrethroids (\n                      <jats:italic>cis\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>trans\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      alpha\u2010cypermethrins) pesticides using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicated that 58.54% of tomato samples showed the presence of residues of both pesticides, with none exceeding maximum residue levels (MRLs). The mean residues concentration for\n                      <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010alpha\u2010cypermethrin was 23.82, 11.84 and 11.12\u2009ppm in north, east and west Laikipia sub\u2010counties respectively. While that for\n                      <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010alpha\u2010cypermethrin was 13.58, 5.63 and 4.62\u2009ppm in north, west and east Laikipia respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite tested pesticide levels in tomatoes being within legal limits, their frequent detection is concerning due to tomatoes being eaten raw. This indicates a potential health risk and highlights the need for farmer training on the banned pesticide cypermethrin and expanded future research. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:41:53Z","timestamp":1758710513000},"page":"552-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of alpha\u2010cypermethrin pesticide residues along the value chain of tomato from Laikipia County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-8815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Adero","family":"Obar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology (DAFTEC) Egerton University Njoro Campus  Egerton Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmah","family":"Kwoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Omosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wellington","family":"Ekaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Fevre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Onono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology (PHPT) University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"SarkarS GilJDB KeeleyJandJansenK The use of pesticides in developing countries and their impact on health and the right to food(2021). 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