{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:17:34Z","timestamp":1792059454996,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lithium chloride (LiCl) has recently emerged as a potential treatment for\n                      <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic>\n                      in honey bee colonies, yet its effects on bee behavior remain poorly understood. This study investigates, for the first time, the impact of oral exposure to chronic 50\u2009mM LiCl\u2014administered via candy over 7\u201310\u2009days\u2014on three key behavioral traits: queen oviposition, worker brood care, and worker aggression. Laboratory assays were conducted using caged bees with\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      access to LiCl\u2010enriched or control candy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Egg\u2010laying rates did not differ significantly between LiCl\u2010treated and control groups. Worker bees exposed to LiCl showed a significant increase in mite mortality. Brood care behavior, assessed using a 4\u2010day\u2010old queen larva, was unaffected in terms of nursing frequency and duration. However, LiCl\u2010treated workers exhibited a significant reduction in aggressive behaviors compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LiCl did not adversely influence queen egg laying or workers' nursing behavior, reinforcing previous findings suggesting negligible long\u2010term risks to essential colony maintenance activities such as queen reproductive performance and nursing behavior. The reduced aggression observation is consistent with reports from other species, suggesting a conserved modulatory role of Li on aggression across the animal kingdom. From an applied perspective, these results imply that LiCl can be used as\n                      <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic>\n                      control without compromise on colony reproduction and brood care. Furthermore, LiCl could potentially facilitate the management of aggressive colonies, thereby reducing stress for both the bees and their handlers. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T07:53:35Z","timestamp":1758959615000},"page":"965-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of lithium chloride on queen egg\u2010laying performance and worker honey bee behavior"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Sevin","family":"Sedat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8305-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob Avi","family":"Shimshoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center  Rishon LeZion Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afik","family":"Ohad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture and rural development  Bet Dagan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarhin","family":"Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture and rural development  Bet Dagan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagai Yehoshua","family":"Shpigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center  Rishon LeZion Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12080688"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aea4270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-020-00793-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2020.104014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieab058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11060333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-022-00949-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-08084-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2021.1988277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-19137-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2024.101868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00003-024-01527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312471963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907043106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-020823-095359"}],"container-title":["Pest 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