{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T13:15:22Z","timestamp":1788614122434,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Photosystem I (PS I) is a plastocyanin\u2010ferredoxin oxidoreductase within the photosynthetic electron transport chain and represents a key target for herbicide development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Pyridinium salt compounds\n A<\/jats:bold>\n and\n B<\/jats:bold>\n were designed and synthesized with active substructural insertion and combination strategies. Bioassays revealed that most compounds exhibited >\n <\/jats:p>\n \n 70% inhibition of growth in\n Portulaca oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Echinochloa crusgalli<\/jats:italic>\n when applied to germinated seeds at a concentration of 10\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n . Compound\n B8<\/jats:bold>\n demonstrated 90\u2013100% postemergence herbicidal activity on\n E.\u2009crusgalli<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Eleusine indica<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Setaria viridis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Amaranthus retroflexus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P.\u2009oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Abutilon theophrasti<\/jats:italic>\n . Meanwhile,\n B8<\/jats:bold>\n not only demonstrated electrochemical characteristics associated with PS I inhibitory activity and a negatively charged surface, but also promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in\n Portulaca oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n roots. At a concentration of 0.25\u2009mM,\n B8<\/jats:bold>\n exhibited superior safety profiles in zebrafish embryos compared to paraquat. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations corroborated the redox reactivity and molecular orbital properties of\n B8<\/jats:bold>\n , showed strong consistency with experimental observations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Compound\n B8<\/jats:bold>\n had herbicidal activity similar to paraquat with lower toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Therefore,\n B8<\/jats:bold>\n represents a promising lead candidate for new PS I targeted herbicides. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T07:25:35Z","timestamp":1763709935000},"page":"2595-2605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel pyridinium salt derivatives as potential inhibitors for photosystem\n I<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Chaohui","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University Guiyang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Center for R&D of Fine 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