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Targeting male fertility is a promising strategy to suppress pest populations. Ubiquitin\u2010activating enzyme 1 (Uba1), a key component in the ubiquitination\u00a0process, is essential for diverse cellular processes. However, its role in reproduction has been rarely studied in agricultationural pests. In this study, we reported the role of\n                      <jats:italic>Uba1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in regulating male reproduction in\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that the\n                      <jats:italic>Uba1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene is highly expressed in the testes and shows relatively stable expression throughout testis development. RNA interference\u2010mediated knockdown of\n                      <jats:italic>Uba1<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly impaired male reproductive capacity, characterized by reduced testis size, decreased sperm count, and a lower offspring hatching rate. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>Uba1<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockdown resulted in transcriptional downregulation of cell cycle\u2013related genes, including\n                      <jats:italic>Cyclin B<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>cyclin\u2010dependent kinase 4<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Cdk4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and\n                      <jats:italic>Separase<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>Separase<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a gene encoding chromosome\u2010separating enzyme, was essential for sperm production and may serve as a key downstream mediator of Uba1\u2010regulated reproductive function. Moreover, sequence analysis revealed that the Uba1 active site is evolutionarily conserved and Uba1 activity inhibitor treatment phenocopied the effects of gene knockdown, which further confirmed its critical role in male reproduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study demonstrates that\n                      <jats:italic>Uba1<\/jats:italic>\n                      functions in male reproduction in\n                      <jats:italic>Bactrocera dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      by modulating the cell cycle pathway. Disruption of Uba1 activity represents a feasible strategy to reduce male fertility, serving as a promising molecular target for the development of broad\u2010spectrum, fertility\u2010based pest management strategies. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T05:21:31Z","timestamp":1764048091000},"page":"2567-2575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting the\n                    <scp>E1<\/scp>\n                    ubiquitin\u2010activating enzyme\n                    <scp>Uba1<\/scp>\n                    impairs male fertility in\n                    <i>Bactrocera dorsalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziniu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4835-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan 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