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However, its production is severely threatened by the potato tuber moth (\n                      <jats:italic>Phthorimaea operculella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), a destructive pest that damages foliage during growth and bores into tubers during storage, causing yield losses of 85\u2013100% under severe infestations. Traditional reliance on chemical pesticides poses challenges such as environmental pollution, pesticide residues, and increased production costs, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULT<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Cry1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Cry2A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      genes were expressed in potato cultivar\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E3<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      Agrobacterium\u2010mediated transformation, generating single\u2010copy transgenic lines with high gene expression. Bioassays showed that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      larvae feeding on transgenic leaves exhibited significantly elevated mortality (&gt;35.4%), with the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Cry1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20102 line achieving 60.4% mortality within 24\u2009h. Notably, the highest\u2010expressing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Cry1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Cry2A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      transgenic lines caused 100% larval mortality within 4 and 7\u2009days, respectively, demonstrating complete lethality against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Histological analysis confirmed that Bt proteins induced midgut epithelial cell lysis and peritrophic membrane disruption, directly leading to insect death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is the first to demonstrate that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Cry2A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      expression in potato confers resistance to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . It provides novel genetic resources for insect\u2010resistant potato breeding and proposes a gene pyramiding strategy to delay the onset of resistance evolution in pest populations. Future research should focus on evaluating field resistance durability and investigating potential synergistic effects between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Cry1C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Cry2A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and other Bt proteins to develop multi\u2010target pest management systems. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T04:44:46Z","timestamp":1764132286000},"page":"2665-2671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Potato expressing\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Cry1C<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Cry2A<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    confers resistance to\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Phthorimaea operculella<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaihui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angharad M. 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