{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T01:03:31Z","timestamp":1784682211671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001799","name":"Murdoch University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The brown marmorated stink bug (\n                      <jats:italic>Halyomorpha halys<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) (BSMB) is a biosecurity threat globally. Its most likely avenue of entry is via shipping transport of a multitude of commodities. Currently employed biosecurity treatments (methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride) pose several concerns including climate change, environmental and occupational health and safety. Ethyl formate with dilution in carbon dioxide has been shown to be an effective biosecurity treatment for controlling BMSB. Carbon dioxide is a known synergist in fumigation and is a greenhouse gas contributing to climate change.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Laboratory and commercial\u2010scale bioassays were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ethyl formate in controlling diapausing and non\u2010diapausing BMSB. In both trials and all treatment conditions, ethyl formate concentrations &gt;12\u2009mg\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      without dilution in carbon dioxide for 3\u2010h exposure periods were effective in achieving insect control. These results were consistent with existing literature and showed the rapid action of the fumigant in achieving a desirable level of insect mortality. The results demonstrate that even without the synergist carbon dioxide, ethyl formate can achieve complete mortality of both non\u2010diapausing and diapausing BSMBs at a dose rate lower than the currently registered 90\u2009mg\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of this research show the commercial viability of ethyl formate, without dilution with carbon dioxide, as a biosecurity treatment for the control of BMSB, both non\u2010diapausing and diapausing. These results will also assist in progressing the registration of the fumigant with relevant National Plant Protection Organisations. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T06:35:37Z","timestamp":1765866937000},"page":"3323-3330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethyl formate diluted with nitrogen is an effective biosecurity treatment for brown marmorated stink bug (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Halyomorpha halys<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Hamish L","family":"McKirdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J","family":"McKirdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4111-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung\u2010Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Quarantine Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA)  Gimcheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kachigunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"},{"name":"Curtin Biometry and Agricultural Data Analytics, Curtin University  Bentley Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bongsu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Quarantine Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA)  Gimcheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4091-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YongLin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"},{"name":"College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University  Murdoch Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/EN13006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Halyomorpha halys (St\u00e5l) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): a polyphagous plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America","volume":"105","author":"Hoebeke ER","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Entomol Soc Wash"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"OrmsbyMD Technical Review\u2013Proposed Treatments for BMSB (Halyomorpha halys(St\u00e5l); Pentatomidae). 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